The long-term objective of this application is to develop a stem-cell based osteochondral biomaterial that can be used for reconstructing joints damaged by osteoarthritis (OA) and trauma. Toward this objective, we have developed a novel gradient scaffold technology that affords precise spatiotemporal control of the scaffold design, creating both signal (growth factor) and mechanical stiffness gradients of any desired profile. Although signal gradients are vital to embryogenesis, wound healing, and countless other biological processes, they have yet to be systematically investigated in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Moreover, stiffness gradients remain virtually unexplored in biomaterials, and our unique approach introduces an entirely new technology to accommodate the contrasting mechanical demands of bone and cartilage. Also new to musculoskeletal tissue engineering are umbilical cord matrix stem cells (UCMSCs), which possess tremendous potential with numerous key advantages over other stem cell sources. The overall goal of this proposal is thus to employ a combination of these innovative approaches to engineer seamless osteochondral constructs for the treatment of rabbit knee defects. The significance of the seamless design lies in the ability to create a single, integrated osteochondral tissue instead of discrete bone and cartilage regions. The chief hypothesis is that UCMSCs in a novel gradient-driven scaffold design will lead to a mechanically viable osteochondral construct that will mimic the seamless transition of native tissue from bone to zonally organized cartilage. To test this hypothesis, we propose the following specific aims: 1) to develop and characterize novel scaffolds containing stiffness- and growth factor-gradients, 2) to engineer seamless osteochondral constructs in vitro, and 3) to determine the efficacy of osteochondral constructs in a rabbit knee defect model. Our overall strategy is to develop a heterogeneous scaffold that will contain a mechanical stiffness gradient, increasing from the cartilage region to the bone region, and also release precisely-controlled and opposing gradients of chondrogenic and osteogenic factors to differentiate stem cells. These gradients are accomplished by varying the relative numbers of """"""""osteogenic"""""""" and """"""""chondrogenic"""""""" microspheres along the scaffold length, which differ in material composition and encapsulated signal. The material composition and growth factor loading for these microspheres will be determined in the design-driven first aim. The gradient-based scaffolds will be seeded with stem cells in the next two aims, where UCMSCs will be compared to the long standing gold standard, bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), to test the hypothesis that UCMSCs will outperform BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Successful completion of this project will deliver gradient-based scaffolds comprised of FDA-approved materials in combination with a readily available, non-controversial, and immune-compatible human cell source. Moreover, this technology will have a high impact on other fields in the future where a gradient or integrated interface is desired, such as nerve regeneration, the ligament/bone interface, and beyond.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting approximately 21 million Americans at an annual cost of over $60 billion. Given the severely impaired quality of life and the limitations of current treatments, there is an urgent need to explore new treatment strategies for the steadily growing number of OA patients. Toward that end, the proposed research will produce a continuous osteochondral tissue to heal defects in joints ravaged by arthritis and trauma.
| Sridharan, BanuPriya; Laflin, Amy D; Detamore, Michael S (2018) Generating Chondromimetic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids by Regulating Media Composition and Surface Coating. Cell Mol Bioeng 11:99-115 |
| Gupta, Vineet; Khan, Yusuf; Berkland, Cory J et al. (2017) Microsphere-Based Scaffolds in Regenerative Engineering. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 19:135-161 |
| Sridharan, BanuPriya; Laflin, Amy D; Holtz, Michael A et al. (2017) In vivo evaluation of stem cell aggregates on osteochondral regeneration. J Orthop Res 35:1606-1616 |
| Gupta, Vineet; Lyne, Dina V; Barragan, Marilyn et al. (2016) Microsphere-based scaffolds encapsulating tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration. J Mater Sci Mater Med 27:121 |
| Mellott, Adam J; Detamore, Michael S; Staecker, Hinrich (2016) The Use of Human Wharton's Jelly Cells for Cochlear Tissue Engineering. Methods Mol Biol 1427:319-45 |
| Gupta, Vineet; Tenny, Kevin M; Barragan, Marilyn et al. (2016) Microsphere-based scaffolds encapsulating chondroitin sulfate or decellularized cartilage. J Biomater Appl 31:328-43 |
| Sridharan, BanuPriya; Mohan, Neethu; Berkland, Cory J et al. (2016) Material characterization of microsphere-based scaffolds with encapsulated raw materials. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 63:422-8 |
| Mohan, Neethu; Gupta, Vineet; Sridharan, Banu Priya et al. (2015) Microsphere-based gradient implants for osteochondral regeneration: a long-term study in sheep. Regen Med 10:709-28 |
| Mellott, Adam J; Devarajan, Keerthana; Shinogle, Heather E et al. (2015) Nonviral Reprogramming of Human Wharton's Jelly Cells Reveals Differences Between ATOH1 Homologues. Tissue Eng Part A 21:1795-809 |
| Sutherland, Amanda J; Converse, Gabriel L; Hopkins, Richard A et al. (2015) The bioactivity of cartilage extracellular matrix in articular cartilage regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 4:29-39 |
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