The problem of drug-resistant bacterial infections has reached epidemic proportions. Methicillin-resistant Staphyolcoccus aureus (MRSA) infections now kill more US citizens each year than does AIDS, and new strategies to treat or prevent such infections are greatly needed. This issue is compounded by a lack of new drug candidates in the pipeline, and the fact that bacteria very quickly develop resistance to new antibiotics. With this project, we propose to explore an alternative strategy for combating bacterial infections, the use of a botanical medicine containing multiple different compounds with diverse modes of action. The botanical under investigation is goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), which has been used in traditional and modern alternative medicine to treat infections. Goldenseal is a significant topic of study because of its popularity as a dietary supplement (among the top 15 best-selling botanical medicines in the US, and the 6th most commonly used by children). This plant or its constituents have demonstrated antimicrobial activity in numerous in vitro and several in vivo studies. Our strong preliminary data provide new insights into the mechanisms by which goldenseal acts against bacteria. We have shown that this plant contains a diverse array of bioactive constituents, which can act as direct antimicrobia agents, as efflux pump inhibitors, and as anti-virulence compounds (via quorum quenching). A major goal of this application is to identify the constituents that contribute to these diverse activities. To accomplish this, we will employ an innovative approach, synergy-directed fractionation, which has recently been developed and published by the principal investigator's laboratory. Our long term objective is to use the information provided by these studies to enable the preparation of topical goldenseal preparations with optimal efficacy for the treatment or prevention of bacterial infections. More broadly, we also seek to explore one of the major guiding principles of complementary and alternative medicine, that the activity of multi-component therapies can be enhanced due to synergistic interactions. The methods validated as a part of this study are expected to prove useful to other investigators who must account for the synergistic interactions that play a role in the activity of many botanical medicines.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because it concerns a botanical dietary supplement goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), which is widely used but poorly understood. Goldenseal shows promise as a treatment or preventative for bacterial infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which are a critical health care crisis in the US. Approximately 94,000 cases of MRSA are estimated to have occurred in the US in 2005, 20% of which were fatal.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AT006860-03
Application #
8790737
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAT1-SM (27))
Program Officer
Hopp, Craig
Project Start
2013-01-01
Project End
2017-12-31
Budget Start
2015-01-01
Budget End
2015-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$564,106
Indirect Cost
$116,694
Name
University of North Carolina Greensboro
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
616152567
City
Greensboro
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27402
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Bussey 3rd, Robert O; Kaur, Amninder; Todd, Daniel A et al. (2015) Comparison of the chemistry and diversity of endophytes isolated from wild-harvested and greenhouse-cultivated yerba mansa (Anemopsis californica). Phytochem Lett 11:202-208
Britton, Emily R; Ibberson, Carolyn B; Horswill, Alexander R et al. (2015) A new mass spectrometry based bioassay for the direct assessment of hyaluronidase activity and inhibition. J Microbiol Methods 119:163-7

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