This multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional application aims to provide the answer to a key question in human health and nutrition: how do poorly bioavailable dietary polyphenols from fruits and vegetables lower the risk of chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type-2 diabetes (T2D), associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type-2 diabetes (T2D) murine model coupled with metagenomics and transcriptomics, we will investigate the hypothesis that poorly bioavailable dietary polyphenols from fruits and vegetables act directly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to remodel the gut microbiota and reduce local and systemic inflammation via interdependent mechanisms resulting in a reduction in chronic disease risk. While epidemiological, clinical and preclinical studies suggest that consumption of polyphenol-rich foods is associated with reduced risk of MetS and T2D, the mechanism(s) of protection offered by polyphenols has remained elusive due to generally poor polyphenol absorption and distribution to target tissues. Recent studies have shown that consumption of a HFD perturbs gut microbiota ecology and promotes intestinal inflammation, which precedes the development of obesity and insulin resistance characteristic of MetS/T2D. Studies in germ- free (GF; i.e. gnotobiotic) or antibiotic-treated mice demonstrated that consumption of HFD in the absence of gut microbiota protected mice from developing the clinical features of MetS/T2D, implicating the gut microbiota as a key player in the etiology of metabolic diseases. The proposed studies aim to show that poorly bioavailable polyphenols provide resilience to MetS/T2D by changing gut microbiota ecology thus reducing inflammation in the intestine. In collaboration with the laboratory of Dr. Peter Turnbaugh, a leading gut microbiota expert at Harvard University we will: 1) Use the HFD-fed C57BL/6J model of MetS/T2D to test the effects of purified polyphenol fractions from grape and cranberry on microbiome ecology, intestinal inflammation, gut barrier integrity, oral glucose tolerance and adiposity; 2) Study the dose response of polyphenols on gut microbiota and oral glucose tolerance in MetS/T2D mice and test the direct effects of polyphenols on microbiota ecology and physiology in vitro and; 3) Use antibiotic- treated MetS/T2D mice, depleted of their gut microbiota, to test direct polyphenol effects on intestinal inflammation and glucose tolerance in the absence of the gut microbiota. The proposed experiments will evaluate the host physiological and nutrigenomic responses to dietary polyphenols and relate these responses to the changes in host microbiota to provide an integrated mechanistic explanation for the health benefits of polyphenol-rich diets. Successful completion of proposed studies may substantiate the old wisdom that an apple a day keeps the doctor away.

Public Health Relevance

Fruits and vegetables are rich in polyphenol compounds known to decrease the risk and symptoms of chronic diseases, such as obesity-related metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes. However, how polyphenols act to prevent chronic disease remains unknown. This application aims to answer this key question in human health and nutrition and uncover the reason(s) behind how eating fruits and vegetables may benefit human health.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AT008618-03
Application #
9212774
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-EMNR-Q (50)R)
Program Officer
Hopp, Craig
Project Start
2015-02-01
Project End
2020-01-31
Budget Start
2017-02-01
Budget End
2018-01-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$457,955
Indirect Cost
$142,538
Name
Rutgers University
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Schools of Earth Sciences/Natur
DUNS #
001912864
City
Piscataway
State
NJ
Country
United States
Zip Code
08854
Graf, Brittany L; Zhang, Li; Corradini, Maria G et al. (2018) Physicochemical differences between malanga (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers are associated with differential effects on the gut microbiome. J Funct Foods 45:268-276
Kuhn, Peter; Kalariya, Hetalben M; Poulev, Alexander et al. (2018) Grape polyphenols reduce gut-localized reactive oxygen species associated with the development of metabolic syndrome in mice. PLoS One 13:e0198716
Zhang, Li; Carmody, Rachel N; Kalariya, Hetal M et al. (2018) Grape proanthocyanidin-induced intestinal bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila is dependent on its baseline abundance and precedes activation of host genes related to metabolic health. J Nutr Biochem 56:142-151
Spanogiannopoulos, Peter; Bess, Elizabeth N; Carmody, Rachel N et al. (2016) The microbial pharmacists within us: a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism. Nat Rev Microbiol 14:273-87
Cheng, Diana M; Roopchand, Diana E; Poulev, Alexander et al. (2016) High phenolics Rutgers Scarlet Lettuce improves glucose metabolism in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 60:2367-2378
Roopchand, Diana E; Carmody, Rachel N; Kuhn, Peter et al. (2015) Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Attenuate High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes 64:2847-58