The long-term goa of this project is to use a rodent renal tolerance model to study the late response of slow renewal tissues to irradiation, and the impact of anti-neoplastic drug treatment on this late response. The discovery that radiation nephropathy is a major complication associated with the total body irradiation (TBI) used for human bone marrow transplant (BMT) conditioning has added a major preclinical component of this project. The project now has two complementary foci, the use of the rat radiation nephritis model as a general model for studying the late normal tissue effects of radiotherapy; and the use of the rat BMT model to study the cause, treatment and prevention of BMT nephropathy. Proposed studies of the radiobiology of late responding normal tissue are influenced by the discovery that repair of renal radiation damage after low doses per fraction follows neither the linear-quadratic (alpha/beta) model nor a simple mono-exponential repair model. The studies are designed to: Confirm that the kinetics of repair of radiation damage in the rat kidney do not follow simple mono-exponential repair kinetics, and determine the mechanism for the dependence of repair kinetics on the level of damage. Determine whether the deviance of renal tolerance from the linear- quadratic (alpha/beta) model is statistically and/or biologically significant. Determine the relationship between renal tolerance and dose-rate; assess how it comes with the predictions of standard models; and determine how low dose rate and high dose rate irradiation interact. Proposed studies of BMT nephropathy are heavily based on the recent findings that the development of radiation nephritis and BMT nephropathy can be retarded, and possibly prevented, by treatment with captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE inhibitor. The studies are designed to: Determine the role ACE inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, and other anti-hypertensive regimens in the prevention and treatment of BMT nephropathy. Determine the mechanism by which captopril retards the development of radiation nephritis. Determine the role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor deficiency in experimental BMT nephropathy. Complete the on-going study of whether nephrotoxic drugs used in conjunction with BMT enhance or accelerate the development of radiation nephritis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA024652-17
Application #
2087282
Study Section
Radiation Study Section (RAD)
Project Start
1979-01-01
Project End
1997-05-31
Budget Start
1995-06-01
Budget End
1996-05-31
Support Year
17
Fiscal Year
1995
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Medical College of Wisconsin
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
073134603
City
Milwaukee
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53226
Cohen, Eric P; Bedi, Manpreet; Irving, Amy A et al. (2012) Mitigation of late renal and pulmonary injury after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83:292-6
Moulder, John E; Cohen, Eric P; Fish, Brian L (2011) Captopril and losartan for mitigation of renal injury caused by single-dose total-body irradiation. Radiat Res 175:29-36
Cohen, Eric P; Fish, Brian L; Irving, Amy A et al. (2009) Radiation nephropathy is not mitigated by antagonists of oxidative stress. Radiat Res 172:260-4
Lenarczyk, Marek; Cohen, Eric P; Fish, Brian L et al. (2009) Chronic oxidative stress as a mechanism for radiation nephropathy. Radiat Res 171:164-72
Cohen, Eric P (2008) HIPAA threatens clinical research. Ann Diagn Pathol 12:311-2
Cohen, Eric P; Irving, Amy A; Drobyski, William R et al. (2008) Captopril to mitigate chronic renal failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70:1546-51
Cohen, Eric P; Fish, Brian L; Sharma, Mukut et al. (2007) Role of the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in radiation nephropathy. Transl Res 150:106-15
Moulder, John E; Cohen, Eric P (2007) Renal dysfunction after total body irradiation: dose-effect relationship: in regard to Kal and van Kempen-Harteveld (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;65:1228-1232). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 67:319;author reply 319-20
Moulder, J E; Fish, B L; Cohen, E P (2007) Treatment of radiation nephropathy with ACE inhibitors and AII type-1 and type-2 receptor antagonists. Curr Pharm Des 13:1317-25
Moulder, John E; Cohen, Eric P (2007) Future strategies for mitigation and treatment of chronic radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Semin Radiat Oncol 17:141-8

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