Tissue-specific patterns of 5-methylcytosine in vertebrate DNAs are thought to play significant roles in the control of gene expression in normal and transformed cells. We propose to use the cancer chemotherapeutic agent 5-azacytidine (5-aza-Cr) to perturb these patterns, so that their importance in the stability of cellular phenotypes can be better understood. In particular, we are interested in the relationships between DNA methylation, cellular differentiation and oncogenic transformation. The 5-Aza-Cr will be tested for its ability to induce the formation of epidermal cells from C3H/10T1/2C18 mouse mesenchymal precursors and muscle cells from diploid human fibroblasts. Myogenic lines will be isolated from treated 10T1/2 cells and characterized with respect to chromosomal and 5-methylcytosine contents. Isolated DNA from myogenic lines will be tested for its ability to induce the formation of muscle cells in untreated recipient cells, to test the hypothesis that the emergence of mesenchymal phenotypes is under the control of one or a few regulatory genes. The mechanism of inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-az-Cr and the number of cell divisions required after exposure for new gene expression will also be investigated. Hemimethylated duplex DNA from treated cultures will be used to establish and in vitro methylation assay to isolate and characterize vertebrate DNA methyltransferases. The abilities of diverse chemical carcinogens to inhibit DNA methyltransferases in vitro and in living cells will be investigated. These experiments will determine whether chemical carcinogens can induce heritable changes in cellular phenotype by altering DNA methylation patterns.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA039913-02
Application #
3179257
Study Section
Chemical Pathology Study Section (CPA)
Project Start
1984-09-01
Project End
1986-04-30
Budget Start
1985-05-01
Budget End
1986-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1985
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Southern California
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
041544081
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90033
Jones, P A; Wolkowicz, M J; Harrington, M A et al. (1990) Methylation and expression of the Myo D1 determination gene. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 326:277-84
Michalowsky, L A; Jones, P A (1989) DNA methylation and differentiation. Environ Health Perspect 80:189-97
Michalowsky, L A; Jones, P A (1989) Gene structure and transcription in mouse cells with extensively demethylated DNA. Mol Cell Biol 9:885-92
Harrington, M A; Jones, P A; Imagawa, M et al. (1988) Cytosine methylation does not affect binding of transcription factor Sp1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:2066-70
Harrington, M A; Gonzales, F; Jones, P A (1988) Effect of cellular determination on oncogenic transformation by chemicals and oncogenes. Mol Cell Biol 8:4322-7
Michalowsky, L A; Jones, P A (1987) Differential nuclear protein binding to 5-azacytosine-containing DNA as a potential mechanism for 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resistance. Mol Cell Biol 7:3076-83
Jones, P A (1986) DNA methylation and cancer. Cancer Res 46:461-6
Liu, L; Harrington, M; Jones, P A (1986) Characterization of myogenic cell lines derived by 5-azacytidine treatment. Dev Biol 117:331-6
Kautiainen, T L; Jones, P A (1986) DNA methyltransferase levels in tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells in culture. J Biol Chem 261:1594-8
Nyce, J; Liu, L; Jones, P A (1986) Variable effects of DNA-synthesis inhibitors upon DNA methylation in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 14:4353-67

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