Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) are potentially deleterious intermediates generated by activated oxygen attack on unsaturated lipids, phospholipids (PLs), and cholesterol in cell membranes. Singlet oxygen ()-derived LOOHs are of special interest because of the growing concern about cutaneous photoxicity resulting from 2-mediated photodynamic action of visible radiation or long wavelength ultraviolet radiation. It is proposed that LOOHs generated in or acquired by cell membranes can either undergo (i) glutathione/selenoperoxidase (GSH/GPX)-mediated two-electron reduction to relatively innocuous alcohols (detoxification) or (ii) iron-mediated one-electron reduction resulting in chain reactions that exacerbate peroxidative injury, possibly culminating in apoptotic or programmed cell deat (toxicity enhancement). Information is limited about the factors that might affect LOOH partitioning between pathways (i) and (ii) in a cell exposed to peroxidative stress. This question will be addressed by investigating both pathways in comprehensive fashion, first using cholesterol LOOHs and PLOOHs incorporated into model membranes and then photogenerated counterparts in various tumor cell lines. Several techniques developed in this laboratory will be used, including (i) high performance liquid chromatography with mercury cathode electrochemical detection [HPLC-EC(Hg)] for high-sensitivity monitorin of LOOH detoxification, and (ii) thin layer chromatography with phophorimaging radiodetection (TLC-PI) for assessing LOOH chain initiation potency (CIP), an index reflecting the degree of oxidation of a """"""""reporter"""""""" lipid, e.g. [14C] cholesterol. These approaches will be used in an effort to ascertain how changes in cellular selenium, iron, or a-tocopherol status might affect LOOH detoxification on the one hand, and toxicity enhancement leading to apoptotic cell death on the other. The studies are intended to provide new information about the dynamics of biologically important LOOHs and how cells respond to peroxidative challenges imposed by 1O2 and other activated species.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA072630-02
Application #
2871909
Study Section
Chemical Pathology Study Section (CPA)
Program Officer
Pelroy, Richard
Project Start
1998-04-16
Project End
2002-01-31
Budget Start
1999-02-01
Budget End
2000-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1999
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Medical College of Wisconsin
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
073134603
City
Milwaukee
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53226
Girotti, Albert W; Korytowski, Witold (2018) Cholesterol Peroxidation as a Special Type of Lipid Oxidation in Photodynamic Systems. Photochem Photobiol :
Girotti, Albert W; Korytowski, Witold (2017) Cholesterol Hydroperoxide Generation, Translocation, and Reductive Turnover in Biological Systems. Cell Biochem Biophys 75:413-419
Girotti, Albert W; Korytowski, Witold (2016) Cholesterol as a natural probe for free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in biological membranes and lipoproteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1019:202-9
Korytowski, Witold; Wawak, Katarzyna; Pabisz, Pawel et al. (2015) Impairment of Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux by Cholesterol Hydroperoxide Trafficking: Implications for Atherogenesis Under Oxidative Stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 35:2104-13
Grim, Jeffrey M; Hyndman, Kelly A; Kriska, Tamas et al. (2011) Relationship between oxidizable fatty acid content and level of antioxidant glutathione peroxidases in marine fish. J Exp Biol 214:3751-9
Korytowski, Witold; Basova, Liana V; Pilat, Anna et al. (2011) Permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane by Bax/truncated Bid (tBid) proteins as sensitized by cardiolipin hydroperoxide translocation: mechanistic implications for the intrinsic pathway of oxidative apoptosis. J Biol Chem 286:26334-43
Korytowski, Witold; Schmitt, Jared C; Girotti, Albert W (2010) Surprising inability of singlet oxygen-generated 6-hydroperoxycholesterol to induce damaging free radical lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. Photochem Photobiol 86:747-51
Korytowski, Witold; Rodriguez-Agudo, Daniel; Pilat, Anna et al. (2010) StarD4-mediated translocation of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol to isolated mitochondria: deleterious effects and implications for steroidogenesis under oxidative stress conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 392:58-62
Kriska, Tamas; Pilat, Anna; Schmitt, Jared C et al. (2010) Sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) involvement in cholesterol hydroperoxide cytotoxicity as revealed by SCP-2 inhibitor effects. J Lipid Res 51:3174-84
Kriska, Tamas; Levchenko, Vladislav V; Chu, Fong-Fong et al. (2008) Novel enrichment of tumor cell transfectants expressing high levels of type 4 glutathione peroxidase using 7alpha-hydroperoxycholesterol as a selection agent. Free Radic Biol Med 45:700-7

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