The overall objectives of this project are to develop chemical agents that reduce the risk of human cancer. This project specifically explores a class of anticarcinogens, isothiocyanates, which are present in our diet. Many isothiocyanates potently block various carcinogens from causing tumors in various animal organs by inhibiting Phase 1 enzymes that activate carcinogens, inducing Phase 2 enzymes that detoxify activated carcinogens and inducing apoptosis that removes damaged cells, but they display a wide range of potency. Surprisingly, many isothiocyanates accumulate uphill to remarkably high concentrations in cells and the accumulation appeared to be critical for their anticarcinogen potency.
Aim 1 is designed to elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for such rapid and concentrative cellular accumulation of isothiocyanates by relating the structure to the cellular uptake of these compounds, by determining the chemical nature of intracelluar isothiocyanates, and by identifying the critical cellular components involved in the accumulation. Since the degree of cellular accumulation of isothiocyanates is undoubtedly affected by the cellular elimination process, Aim 1 is also designed to elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for cellular elimination of isothiocyanates by identifying the chemical form(s) which is eliminated from cells, and by identifying cellular components involved in the elimination process.
Aim 2 is designed to elucidate the effect of cellular accumulation levels of isothiocyanates on carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, including the effect on induction of Phase 2 enzymes which detoxify carcinogens and inhibition of Phase 1 enzymes which activate carcinogens. Finally, Aim 3 is proposed to determine how cellular accumulation levels of these compounds affect their potencies in inducing apoptosis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA080962-03
Application #
6377081
Study Section
Metabolic Pathology Study Section (MEP)
Program Officer
Seifried, Harold E
Project Start
2000-07-01
Project End
2003-06-30
Budget Start
2001-07-01
Budget End
2002-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2001
Total Cost
$138,054
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Arizona
Department
Other Health Professions
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Tucson
State
AZ
Country
United States
Zip Code
85721
Munday, Rex; Zhang, Yuesheng; Munday, Christine M et al. (2008) Structure-activity relationships and organ specificity in the induction of GST and NQO1 by alkyl-aryl isothiocyanates. Pharm Res 25:2164-70
Tang, Li; Zirpoli, Gary R; Guru, Khurshid et al. (2008) Consumption of raw cruciferous vegetables is inversely associated with bladder cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17:938-44
Zhang, Yuesheng; Tang, Li (2007) Discovery and development of sulforaphane as a cancer chemopreventive phytochemical. Acta Pharmacol Sin 28:1343-54
Zhang, Yuesheng; Munday, Rex; Jobson, Hillary E et al. (2006) Induction of GST and NQO1 in cultured bladder cells and in the urinary bladders of rats by an extract of broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) sprouts. J Agric Food Chem 54:9370-6
Zhang, Yuesheng; Yao, Song; Li, Jun (2006) Vegetable-derived isothiocyanates: anti-proliferative activity and mechanism of action. Proc Nutr Soc 65:68-75
Munday, Rex; Zhang, Yuesheng; Munday, Christine M et al. (2006) Structure-activity relationships in the induction of Phase II enzymes by derivatives of 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione in rats. Chem Biol Interact 160:115-22
Yao, Song; Zhang, Yuesheng; Li, Jun (2006) c-jun/AP-1 activation does not affect the antiproliferative activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate, a cruciferous vegetable-derived cancer chemopreventive agent. Mol Carcinog 45:605-12
Tang, Li; Li, Guolin; Song, Liguo et al. (2006) The principal urinary metabolites of dietary isothiocyanates, N-acetylcysteine conjugates, elicit the same anti-proliferative response as their parent compounds in human bladder cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 17:297-305
Munday, Rex; Zhang, Yuesheng; Fahey, Jed W et al. (2006) Evaluation of isothiocyanates as potent inducers of carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes in the urinary bladder: critical nature of in vivo bioassay. Nutr Cancer 54:223-31
Li, J; Yao, S; Zhang, Y (2005) The role of c-Jun in the AP-1 activation induced by naturally occurring isothiocyanates. Food Chem Toxicol 43:1373-80

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