A major dose limiting toxicity of chemoradiotherapy of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung is irradiation esophagitis. This application seeks to prove that ionizing irradiation limits reparative stem cell engraftment of the irradiated esophagus through continuous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by cells of the microenvironment, and that the mechanism of amelioration of toxicity by intraesophageal MnSOD-Plasmid Liposome (PL) (antioxidant) gene therapy is by stabilizing the antioxidant pool. We have demonstrated that intra-esophageal administration of MnSOD-PL decreases the toxicity of single fraction or fractionated radiotherapy to the mouse esophagus, decreases irradiation-induced glutathione and thiol depletion, lipid peroxidation, and enhance the survival of intravenously injected esophageal stem cells isolated by either side population (SP) cell sorting or 7-day pre-plate technique. We propose to utilize MnSOD-PL antioxidant therapy to enhance engraftment by reducing ROS production by the microenvironment. We will use three assays for measuring irradiation-induced toxic ROS effects on bone marrow derived esophageal stem cell engraftment: 1) clonal homologous recombination (HR) in donor male C57BL/6J (FYDR) cells;2) fusion of donor cells with recipient esophagus;and 3) apoptosis of both resident and engrafted esophageal stem cells. The first specific aim tests the hypothesis that homing and proliferation of bone marrow origin serially transplantable esophageal progenitor cells from G418r LacZ+ (B6.129S7-Gt(ROSA)26Sor/J) male mice to the irradiated female recipient esophagus results in cell dose dependent irradiation protection, and correlates with recovery of G418r LacZ+ colony forming squamous cell progenitors in vitro. The second specific aim tests the hypothesis that irradiation-induced ROS, specifically peroxynitrite, in the microenvironment of the irradiated female mouse esophagus induces HR in donor C57BL/6J male (FYDR) marrow SP cells quantitated as clonal yellow foci, cell fusion with recipient esophageal cells and apoptosis. The third specific aim tests the hypothesis that restoration of antioxidant reserves in the irradiated esophagus by MnSOD-PL treatment, in both ROSA and FYDR marrow cell transplantation models, stabilizes marrow stem cell engraftment. Methods include engraftment of donor esophageal and hematopoietic stem cell subsets from male C57BL/6J, FYDR, and selectable G418 resistant LacZ (ROSA) male donors into irradiated recipient C57BL/6J female GFP+ mice, cell sorting, FISH, biochemical measurements of antioxidants in vitro and in vivo, and assays for direct and bystander killing. These studies should elucidate the molecular mechanism of induction of damage to engrafting marrow origin, epithelial stem cells by the irradiated esophageal microenvironment and identify new targets for therapeutic intervention.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA083876-09
Application #
7652313
Study Section
Radiation Therapeutics and Biology Study Section (RTB)
Program Officer
Stone, Helen B
Project Start
1999-12-01
Project End
2011-06-30
Budget Start
2009-08-01
Budget End
2010-07-31
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$216,561
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
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Bernard, Mark E; Kim, Hyun; Rwigema, Jean-Claude et al. (2011) Role of the esophageal vagus neural pathway in ionizing irradiation-induced seizures in nitric oxide synthase-1 homologous recombinant negative NOS1-/- mice. In Vivo 25:861-9
Epperly, Michael W; Goff, Julie P; Li, Song et al. (2010) Intraesophageal administration of GS-nitroxide (JP4-039) protects against ionizing irradiation-induced esophagitis. In Vivo 24:811-9
Niu, Yunyun; Wang, Hong; Wiktor-Brown, Dominika et al. (2010) Irradiated esophageal cells are protected from radiation-induced recombination by MnSOD gene therapy. Radiat Res 173:453-61
Epperly, Michael W; Lai, Stephen Y; Kanai, Anthony J et al. (2010) Effectiveness of combined modality radiotherapy of orthotopic human squamous cell carcinomas in Nu/Nu mice using cetuximab, tirapazamine and MnSOD-plasmid liposome gene therapy. In Vivo 24:1-8
Epperly, Michael W; Rugo, Rebecca; Cao, Shaonan et al. (2009) Investigation of the effects of aging on homologous recombination in long-term bone marrow cultures. In Vivo 23:669-77
Greenberger, Joel S (2009) Radioprotection. In Vivo 23:323-36
Niu, Y; Epperly, M W; Shen, H et al. (2008) Intraesophageal MnSOD-plasmid liposome enhances engraftment and self-renewal of bone marrow derived progenitors of esophageal squamous epithelium. Gene Ther 15:347-56
Greenberger, J S (2008) Gene therapy approaches for stem cell protection. Gene Ther 15:100-8

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