This is a proposal to investigate proteins that contribute to the efficiency and accuracy of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Ionizing radiation deposits energy along discrete tracks, resulting in clustered DNA damage and DSBs. The ability to repair these signature lesions is a major determinant of radiation sensitivity and resistance in both normal tissue and tumors. Manipulation of DNA repair pathways therefore affords a promising approach for improving the efficacy of radiotherapy. Recent work provides evidence for the novel involvement of a small family of human RNA binding proteins in DSB repair. These proteins are core components of paraspeckles, which are nuclear structures that are organized around a long noncoding RNA scaffold and that regulate gene expression by retaining adenosine-to- inosine hyper-edited mRNAs. Separate experiments indicate, however, that these proteins participate in both homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining, which are the two main pathways of DSB repair in human cells. The three members of the family in humans-PSF, p54nrb, and PSPC1-rapidly relocalize to sites of induced DNA damage, suggesting the existence of a molecular switch that controls RNA versus DNA interaction. The hypothesis to be tested is that PSF and its partners are mediators of gene regulation and DNA repair that switch rapidly between RNA and DNA interaction modes following the induction of DNA damage. A unifying theme may be reliance on an intrinsic ability of PSF and its partners to promote pairing of distant nucleic acid segments. The first specific aim will be to test a prediction that a PSF7p54nrb complex promotes juxtaposition of opposing DNA ends in a loop structure. The second will be to examine repair functions of PSF and its partners more broadly using genetic manipulation of human cells. The third will focus directly on how PSF and its partners switch between RNA biogenesis and DSB repair modes and will investigate the therapeutic applicability of this mechanism. The proposed research is innovative, because the primary sequence and domain structure of PSF, p54nrb, and PSPC1 are unlike any previously characterized DSB repair proteins. The work is scientifically significant, because it explores a previously unsuspected link between DSB repair and the biology of non-coding RNAs, which is an interesting and topical area in cell biology. Finally, the work has potential clinical and translational impact, because of the possibility that therapeutic RNAs might be developed to influence switching between RNA biogenesis and DNA repair modes to alter clinical radiation response.

Public Health Relevance

This is a proposal to investigate the novel role of a family of RNA binding proteins DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. The ability to repair DSBs is a major determinant of radiation sensitivity and resistance in both normal tissue and tumors. The project has potential clinical and translational impact because of the possibility that therapeutic RNAs might be developed to inhibit the DNA repair activity of these proteins and thus alter the clinical radiation response.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
7R01CA098239-08
Application #
8525552
Study Section
Radiation Therapeutics and Biology Study Section (RTB)
Program Officer
Pelroy, Richard
Project Start
2002-12-01
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2012-08-22
Budget End
2013-04-30
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$200,391
Indirect Cost
$71,770
Name
Emory University
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
066469933
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30322
Li, Shuyi; Shu, Feng-Jue; Li, Zhentian et al. (2017) Cell-type specific role of the RNA-binding protein, NONO, in the DNA double-strand break response in the mouse testes. DNA Repair (Amst) 51:70-78
Jaafar, Lahcen; Li, Zhentian; Li, Shuyi et al. (2017) SFPQ•NONO and XLF function separately and together to promote DNA double-strand break repair via canonical nonhomologous end joining. Nucleic Acids Res 45:1848-1859
Zhang, Hui; Head, PamelaSara E; Daddacha, Waaqo et al. (2016) ATRIP Deacetylation by SIRT2 Drives ATR Checkpoint Activation by Promoting Binding to RPA-ssDNA. Cell Rep 14:1435-1447
Udayakumar, Durga; Dynan, William S (2015) Characterization of DNA binding and pairing activities associated with the native SFPQ·NONO DNA repair protein complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 463:473-8
Li, Shuyi; Li, Zhentian; Shu, Feng-Jue et al. (2014) Double-strand break repair deficiency in NONO knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts and compensation by spontaneous upregulation of the PSPC1 paralog. Nucleic Acids Res 42:9771-80
Xiong, Hairong; Lee, Robert J; Haura, Eric B et al. (2012) Intranuclear delivery of a novel antibody-derived radiosensitizer targeting the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83:1023-30
Ha, Kyungsoo; Takeda, Yoshihiko; Dynan, William S (2011) Sequences in PSF/SFPQ mediate radioresistance and recruitment of PSF/SFPQ-containing complexes to DNA damage sites in human cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 10:252-9
Li, Shuyi; Kuhne, Wendy W; Kulharya, Anita et al. (2009) Involvement of p54(nrb), a PSF partner protein, in DNA double-strand break repair and radioresistance. Nucleic Acids Res 37:6746-53
Xiong, Hairong; Li, Shuyi; Yang, Zhanqiu et al. (2009) E. coli expression of a soluble, active single-chain antibody variable fragment containing a nuclear localization signal. Protein Expr Purif 66:172-80
Dynan, William; Takeda, Yoshihiko; Roth, David et al. (2008) Understanding and re-engineering nucleoprotein machines to cure human disease. Nanomedicine (Lond) 3:93-105

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