Glioma is the most common and most lethal brain tumor, highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. To develop more effective treatments, it is vital to better understand the molecular mechanisms of this cancer. We previously reported in gliomas an oncogenic role for Notch, a critical pathway in stem cell maintenance and cell fate determination. In subsequent work now submitted, we showed that other key pathways in gliomas are inhibited by a putative tumor suppressor, microRNA-7. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs recently found to down-regulate a large subset of human genes, and evidence suggests that some microRNAs have powerful oncogenic or tumor suppressor functions. Our investigation of both the Notch pathway and microRNA led us to assess whether there might be microRNAs opposing the Notch pathway with significant roles in gliomas. Preliminary studies revealed two promising candidates, microRNA-7 and microRNA-326. Both have several predicted targets in the Notch pathway and suppress Notch activity, show decreased expression in human gliomas relative to normal brain, and inhibit viability and invasiveness following transfection into glioma cells. In this application, we propose the systematic investigation of microRNAs -7 and -326 as Notch-inhibiting tumor suppressors with therapeutic potential for glioma.
In Aim #1, we will use immunoblotting and 3'-UTR luciferase reporters to validate which of the predicted Notch pathway members are indeed directly targeted by these microRNAs. Additionally, we will determine whether inhibitors of microRNAs-7 and -326 can increase Notch activity and expression of Notch pathway targets. To further investigate down-regulation of these microRNAs in Aim #2, expression of the various forms of these microRNAs will be quantified in human glioma and normal brain samples and their levels correlated to Notch activity and to levels of targeted Notch pathway proteins. We will also perform global microRNA profiling in human gliomas and normal brain to confirm that down-regulation of these microRNAs is selective.
In Aim #3, the phenotypic effects of transfecting microRNA- 7 and microRNA-326 into established glioma lines will be evaluated and the contribution of Notch inhibition to these effects determined. Recent evidence has suggested that standard cancer cell lines may be poorly representative of the original tumors, however, and that gliomas and other cancers may be more accurately modeled by lines grown from a small stem cell-like subpopulation within the tumors. It is hypothesized that this stem cell-like fraction is responsible for tumorigenesis and regrowth of tumors, and they are highly resistant to standard therapies. We will therefore determine in Aim #4 the effects of microRNA-7 and microRNA-326 on growth, differentiation, and invasiveness in glioma tumor stem cell lines in vitro as well as in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Successful completion of the proposed experiments will establish microRNA-7 and microRNA-326 as novel endogenous inhibitors of the Notch pathway with tumor suppressor roles in gliomas, with importance for neuro-oncology and likely relevance for development and for other cancers.

Public Health Relevance

Gliomas are the most common and lethal brain tumors. They are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, making it critical to dissect their molecular mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Recent evidence has indicated that newly-discovered non-coding RNAs called microRNAs can play oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in gliomas and other cancers. Each microRNA inhibits translation of numerous target genes, and a few regulate key cancer pathways. In this proposal, we will investigate two microRNAs as tumor suppressors and therapies in glioma secondary to their inhibition of the Notch pathway, a central pathway in stem cells, cell fate, and cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA136803-02
Application #
7762199
Study Section
Developmental Therapeutics Study Section (DT)
Program Officer
Mietz, Judy
Project Start
2009-02-01
Project End
2013-12-31
Budget Start
2010-01-01
Budget End
2010-12-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$314,165
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Virginia
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
065391526
City
Charlottesville
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
22904
Floyd, Desiree Hunt; Zhang, Ying; Dey, Bijan K et al. (2014) Novel anti-apoptotic microRNAs 582-5p and 363 promote human glioblastoma stem cell survival via direct inhibition of caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bim. PLoS One 9:e96239
Kefas, Benjamin; Floyd, Desiree H; Comeau, Laurey et al. (2013) A miR-297/hypoxia/DGK-? axis regulating glioblastoma survival. Neuro Oncol 15:1652-63
Dominguez, Charli L; Floyd, Desiree H; Xiao, Aizhen et al. (2013) Diacylglycerol kinase ? is a critical signaling node and novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma and other cancers. Cancer Discov 3:782-97
Purow, Benjamin (2012) Notch inhibition as a promising new approach to cancer therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 727:305-19
Duex, Jason E; Comeau, Laurey; Sorkin, Alexander et al. (2011) Usp18 regulates epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor expression and cancer cell survival via microRNA-7. J Biol Chem 286:25377-86
Purow, Benjamin (2011) The elephant in the room: do microRNA-based therapies have a realistic chance of succeeding for brain tumors such as glioblastoma? J Neurooncol 103:429-36
Kefas, Benjamin; Comeau, Laurey; Erdle, Nicholas et al. (2010) Pyruvate kinase M2 is a target of the tumor-suppressive microRNA-326 and regulates the survival of glioma cells. Neuro Oncol 12:1102-12
Asadi-Moghaddam, Kaveh; Chiocca, E Antonio; Lawler, Sean E (2010) Potential role of miRNAs and their inhibitors in glioma treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 10:1753-62
Kefas, Benjamin; Comeau, Laurey; Floyd, Desiree H et al. (2009) The neuronal microRNA miR-326 acts in a feedback loop with notch and has therapeutic potential against brain tumors. J Neurosci 29:15161-8