The long-term goal of our studies is to determine the mechanisms by which human papillomaviruses regulate productive replication in differentiating epithelial cells. During productive infection, HPV genomes are stably maintained as low copy episomes in undifferentiated basal cells, while genome amplification and virion assembly occur in highly differentiated suprabasal cells. Our recent work has demonstrated that HPV proteins activate the ATM DNA damage response and that this is necessary for genome amplification in differentiating cells. Interestingly only a subset of ATM pathway members are activated by HPV proteins upon differentiation. Further studies indicate that E7 binds to ATM and this may be responsible for activating a subset of ATM pathway members. We have also demonstrated that HPV proteins also induce low levels of caspase cleavage upon differentiation and that this is also necessary for productive replication in differentiating cells. The ATM pathway appears to be linked to caspase activation as inhibitors of Chk2 block caspase cleavage. These observations form the basis of the proposed studies to examine the role that DNA damage pathways play in HPV amplification in differentiating cells. In this application we will ask the following questions: 1: Which members of the ATM pathway play essential roles for productive viral replication in differentiating cells? Why is ATM pathway important for amplification in differentiating cells? 2). How does E7 contribute to activation of the ATM pathway? Could other HPV proteins play a role? 3). What role does the ATM pathway play in differentiation-induced activation of caspases? How does E7 activate this pathway?

Public Health Relevance

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death by cancer in women worldwide and the overall 5-year survival rate is approximately 50%. In 2006, the FDA approved a prophylactic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine but this vaccine will not protect women against all the HPV types that cause cervical cancer. In addition, it is ineffective in clearing existing lesions as it only blocks initial infection. This study examines how the HPV replication is modulated through the action of the ATM DNA damage pathway. This is an area of high importance as it can identify new targets for anti-viral treatments.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01CA142861-01A1
Application #
7988344
Study Section
Virology - A Study Section (VIRA)
Program Officer
Blair, Donald G
Project Start
2010-08-01
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2010-08-01
Budget End
2011-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$316,438
Indirect Cost
Name
Northwestern University at Chicago
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005436803
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60611
Mehta, Kavi; Laimins, Laimonis (2018) Human Papillomaviruses Preferentially Recruit DNA Repair Factors to Viral Genomes for Rapid Repair and Amplification. MBio 9:
Hong, Shiyuan; Cheng, Shouqiang; Songock, William et al. (2017) Suppression of MicroRNA 424 Levels by Human Papillomaviruses Is Necessary for Differentiation-Dependent Genome Amplification. J Virol 91:
Spriggs, Chelsey C; Laimins, Laimonis A (2017) Human Papillomavirus and the DNA Damage Response: Exploiting Host Repair Pathways for Viral Replication. Viruses 9:
Hong, Shiyuan; Laimins, Laimonis A (2017) Manipulation of the innate immune response by human papillomaviruses. Virus Res 231:34-40
Spriggs, Chelsey C; Laimins, Laimonis A (2017) FANCD2 Binds Human Papillomavirus Genomes and Associates with a Distinct Set of DNA Repair Proteins to Regulate Viral Replication. MBio 8:
Langsfeld, Erika; Laimins, Laimonis A (2016) Human papillomaviruses: research priorities for the next decade. Trends Cancer 2:234-240
Mehta, Kavi; Gunasekharan, Vignesh; Satsuka, Ayano et al. (2015) Human papillomaviruses activate and recruit SMC1 cohesin proteins for the differentiation-dependent life cycle through association with CTCF insulators. PLoS Pathog 11:e1004763
Langsfeld, Erika S; Bodily, Jason M; Laimins, Laimonis A (2015) The Deacetylase Sirtuin 1 Regulates Human Papillomavirus Replication by Modulating Histone Acetylation and Recruitment of DNA Damage Factors NBS1 and Rad51 to Viral Genomes. PLoS Pathog 11:e1005181
Galloway, Denise A; Laimins, Laimonis A (2015) Human papillomaviruses: shared and distinct pathways for pathogenesis. Curr Opin Virol 14:87-92
Hong, Shiyuan; Dutta, Anindya; Laimins, Laimonis A (2015) The acetyltransferase Tip60 is a critical regulator of the differentiation-dependent amplification of human papillomaviruses. J Virol 89:4668-75

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