The overall long-term goal of the proposed research is to design a novel and efficient therapeutic approach for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is one of the most common gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies and a major cause of death worldwide, with limited available therapeutic options. Designing safe and efficient therapeutic approaches for treating this disease is thus critically important. Ligand-activated nuclear receptor PPAR? is known to regulate growth and differentiation in a variety of cancer cells, including HCC. In our earlier studies although activation of PPAR? by its ligand Troglitazone (TZD) inhibited HCC cell proliferation, it was unable to induce any apoptosis. The drugs (or combinations) which have the potential of inducing both growth arrest and apoptosis are believed to be most effective in treating advanced forms of cancer. To determine whether TZD can be utilized as a combination therapy instead, we treated HCC cells with TZD in combination with the proapoptotic agent Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Our studies indicated that TRAIL-TZD combination can induce a significant degree of apoptosis in the HCC cells compared to either drug treatment alone and was associated with a dramatic increase in the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and Caspase 3. More in-depth studies were designed to identify the molecular target of this apoptosis, in an effort to improve our understanding of the effectors involved in apoptosis resistance of HCC. These studies revealed that a complete antagonism of -catenin pathway is needed to sensitize HCC cells towards TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis. Since treatment with TZD alone antagonized -catenin pathway at multiple levels via novel mechanisms, and antagonism of -catenin promoted HCC cell apoptosis, we hypothesize that PPAR? (or TZD) via antagonizing -catenin pathway sensitizes HCC cells towards TRAIL, which are otherwise insensitive to TRAIL alone. The current proposal aims to validate our hypothesis utilizing both in vitro (cellular) and in vivo (xenograft) models while elucidating the mechanisms by which -catenin antagonizes apoptosis and PPAR? antagonizes -catenin. The following specific aims are proposed to achieve our goals: (1) determine the role of -catenin in mediating HCC cell survival and resistance, (2) determine the mechanism by which -catenin is modulated during apoptosis and survival of HCC and (3) determine the role of -catenin on HCC survival and resistance in vivo. Successful completion of the studies is expected to provide important preclinical data on the efficacy of TRAIL-TZD combination on HCC cell apoptosis and a fundamental understanding whether -catenin serves as a molecular target to mediate apoptotic resistance. Based on these and as part of our long-term goal, more specific next generation inhibitors of -catenin (with less collateral toxicity) can be designed to be utilized i combination therapies for effectively treating patients with advanced forms of HCC.

Public Health Relevance

The combination of drugs which can successfully regulate cell growth as well as cell death (apoptosis) have the maximum potential to be effective as cancer drugs, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present proposal seeks to determine at a molecular level the potential of TRAIL and Troglitazone drug combination on liver cancer cell apoptosis. The role of a protein called beta-catenin in mediating cancer cell resistance to apoptosis and the mechanism involved will also be investigated. In addition, the molecular events following this combination treatment that leads to beta-catenin destruction and apoptosis induction will be studied to test whether beta-catenin is an active target for this combinatorial drug therapy. Results obtained from these studies are expected to provide important information towards future designing of safer therapeutic approaches for treating advanced HCC.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA178063-02
Application #
8854052
Study Section
Hepatobiliary Pathophysiology Study Section (HBPP)
Program Officer
Salnikow, Konstantin
Project Start
2014-06-01
Project End
2019-05-31
Budget Start
2015-06-01
Budget End
2016-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$313,325
Indirect Cost
$105,825
Name
Loyola University Chicago
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
791277940
City
Maywood
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60153
Ke, Rong; Vishnoi, Kanchan; Viswakarma, Navin et al. (2018) Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase and Death Receptor 5 in TRAIL-Berberine-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Sci Rep 8:5521
Viswakarma, Navin; Nair, Rakesh Sathish; Sondarva, Gautam et al. (2017) Transcriptional regulation of mixed lineage kinase 3 by estrogen and its implication in ER-positive breast cancer pathogenesis. Oncotarget 8:33172-33184
Santha, Sreevidya; Davaakhuu, Gantulga; Basu, Aninda et al. (2016) Modulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3? following TRAIL combinatorial treatment in cancer cells. Oncotarget 7:66892-66905
Perez-Neut, Mathew; Haar, Lauren; Rao, Vidhya et al. (2016) Activation of hERG3 channel stimulates autophagy and promotes cellular senescence in melanoma. Oncotarget 7:21991-2004
Das, Subhasis; Sondarva, Gautam; Viswakarma, Navin et al. (2015) Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Impedes MLK3 Kinase Activity to Support Breast Cancer Cell Survival. J Biol Chem 290:21705-12
Santha, Sreevidya; Viswakarma, Navin; Das, Subhasis et al. (2015) Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-Troglitazone-induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells Involve AMP-activated Protein Kinase. J Biol Chem 290:21865-75