Leukemia is the most common and devastating cancer affecting children and young adults with high mortality rate. Mutations and altered expression of numerous transcription factors, RNA splicing factors and epigenetic modifiers have been identified in leukemia patients, indicating that dysregulation of gene expression machinery is a hallmark of leukemia. SON is a poorly characterized nuclear protein highly expressed in blood cells, and the critical role of SON in RNA splicing of cell cycle- and pluripotency-related genes was recently identified. Besides its RNA-binding ability and the function as a splicing mediator, SON has also been shown to repress transcription of a few mammalian genes. However, the mechanisms of SON-mediated transcriptional regulation and the disease relevance of SON functions are largely unknown. Our preliminary data from SON ChIP-seq analyses revealed that SON interacts with multiple genomic locations to suppress transcription of target genes which include critical factors associated with hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance and leukemogenesis. Interestingly, SON knockdown results in increased tri-methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3), eliciting gene activation at SON-targeted promoters. We also found that the C-terminus of SON containing RNA-binding motifs is necessary to suppress promoter activity, and identified several candidates of SON-interacting non-coding RNAs. More interestingly, SON E, a short SON isoform lacking RNA-binding motifs, is highly expressed in leukemia. In addition, SON E exhibits a dominant negative effect on full-length SON function in transcriptional repression, while enhancing full-length SON-mediated RNA splicing. Based on our preliminary data, we hypothesize that the SON complex containing RNA components suppresses target gene activation through regulating histone modifications, and upregulation of SON E (a short isoform) causes alterations in SON target gene expression and enhances hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal, which facilitates leukemogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we propose following specific aims; (1) To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of SON-mediated transcriptional repression. (2) To investigate the effect of SON E upregulation on gene expression, proliferation and self-renewal in hematopoietic stem cells. (3) To identify the role of SON E in leukemogenesis. Investigation of the function of SON and its short isoform in controlling gene expression and leukemogenesis will generate valuable mechanistic insights into a novel mode of fine-tuning of gene expression, and reveal new therapeutic targets for leukemia and other hematopoietic malignancies.

Public Health Relevance

Functional alteration in gene expression machinery is a hallmark of leukemia. The goal of this project is to define the function of SON, a novel DNA- / RNA-binding protein, in transcriptional repression and histone modification, and to investigate the effect of short SON isoform expression on leukemogenesis. New insights into SON-mediated gene expression resulting from this project will lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets for leukemia.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA190688-04
Application #
9600672
Study Section
Molecular Oncogenesis Study Section (MONC)
Program Officer
Mufson, R Allan
Project Start
2015-12-01
Project End
2020-11-30
Budget Start
2018-12-01
Budget End
2020-02-29
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of South Alabama
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
172750234
City
Mobile
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
36688