Unlike drugs such as alcohol which are cleared rapidly from the body, cannabinoids are very lipophilic and will distribute to the fatty tissue, a process which leads to considerable accumulation. This in turn appears to produce a chronic state of partial anaesthesia probably as the result of partition of the psychoactive cannabinoids, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC) and its 11-hydroxy metabolite into membranes. Being lipophilic, the drug is also a good substrate for membrane-bound enzymes such as cytochrome P-450 which produce a number of psychoactive metabolites. The long-term aims of the project are, therefore, to evaluate the role of tissue distribution and metabolism in the production of adverse effects by cannabis, particularly those relating to drug accumulation; this is a major hazard of this drug in man. The project can be divided into four topics: 1. Examination of the role of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in the production of metabolites of delta-9-THC with particular reference to their role in producing toxic metabolites and in defining differences between metabolic profiles from various tissues and species. Isozymes of P-450 will be isolated by chromatofocussing and immuno-affinity chromatography and fractions reconstituted for metabolic studies by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Knowledge gained from these studies will also be applied to the study of toxic metabolites from other lipophilic drugs of abuse. 2. Examination of the influence of factors such as changes in lipophilicity on metabolic profiles - studies to be conducted with THC homologues in vivo and in vitro using mice and guinea-pigs as animal models. 3. Examination of conjugates formed by interaction of delta-9-THC with lipid metabolism, particularly with fatty acids and phospholipids together with the effect of these conjugates on membrane fluidity as measured by electron spin resonance. Possible compensatory changes in membrane structure, particularly fatty acid unsaturation, will also be examined. 4. Improvements to our existing technique based on GC/MS with metastable ion monitoring for quantification of delta-9-THC and its major metabolites with the aim of developing, for the first time, a method sensitive enough to define fully the pharmacokinetics and accumulation of the drug in humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA004005-03
Application #
3208973
Study Section
(DABB)
Project Start
1986-02-01
Project End
1989-01-31
Budget Start
1988-02-01
Budget End
1989-01-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
1988
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Oxford
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Oxford
State
Country
United Kingdom
Zip Code
OX1 2JD
Harvey, D J; Brown, N K (1991) Identification of cannabichromene metabolites by mass spectrometry: identification of eight new dihydroxy metabolites in the rabbit. Biol Mass Spectrom 20:275-85
Harvey, D J; Brown, N K (1991) Electron impact-induced fragmentation of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of monohydroxy-hexahydrocannabinols. Biol Mass Spectrom 20:292-302
Samara, E; Bialer, M; Harvey, D J (1991) Metabolism of cannabidiol by the rat. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 16:305-13
Harvey, D J; Brown, N K (1991) Comparative in vitro metabolism of the cannabinoids. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 40:533-40
Harvey, D J; Samara, E; Mechoulam, R (1991) Comparative metabolism of cannabidiol in dog, rat and man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 40:523-32
Harvey, D J; Samara, E; Mechoulam, R (1991) Urinary metabolites of cannabidiol in dog, rat and man and their identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 562:299-322
Samara, E; Bialer, M; Harvey, D J (1990) Identification of glucose conjugates as major urinary metabolites of cannabidiol in the dog. Xenobiotica 20:177-83
Samara, E; Bialer, M; Bar-On, H et al. (1990) Identification of metabolites of the 1"",1""-dimethylheptyl analogue of cannabidiol in rat and dog in vivo. Xenobiotica 20:447-55
Harvey, D J; Mechoulam, R (1990) Metabolites of cannabidiol identified in human urine. Xenobiotica 20:303-20
Harvey, D J; Brown, N K (1990) In vitro metabolism of cannabidiol in the rabbit: identification of seventeen new metabolites including thirteen dihydroxylated in the isopropenyl chain. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 19:559-67

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