The inability of non-human cells to support HIV-1 replication is due to the alteration of specific cell proteins. In the mouse, CD4 and cyclin T1 are altered such that they fail to interact with their respective partners, gp120 and Tat. Other critical cellular cofactors that remain to be identified are likely to be similarly altered. Heterokaryon experiments suggest that murine cells do not support HIV-1 assembly or release because they lack a putative species-specific cofactor. This project aims to identify this and other cellular cofactors that may be altered or nonfunctional in murine cells. This will be accomplished using a gene transfer approach in which human cDNAs are expressed in murine cells and screened for ability to support virus assembly and release. HIV-1 will also be adapted in culture to replicate in murine cells expressing the human cofactors. The adapted virus will be characterized and then used to infect transgenic mice. The immediate goal of the project is to gain increased understanding of virus-cell interactions. This information will be applied to develop a transgenic mouse model for AIDS. HIV-1 transmission by injection drug use accounts for 20 percent of domestic AIDS cases in the USA, amounting to 8,000 infections per year, and internationally accounts for 70 percent of new transmissions in parts of Eastern Europe. Development of a small animal model for AIDS will have multiple applications including the testing of anti-virals, vaccines and therapeutic strategies designed to prevent sexual and injection HIV-1 transmission.
The specific aims are to: 1. Identify a human cofactor that facilitates HIV-1 replication in rodent cells. 2. Develop an HIV-1 variant able to replicate in-rodent cells. 3. Generate transgenic mice expressing the human cofactors and test them for ability to support HIV-1 replication.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
7R01DA014494-06
Application #
7390124
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-AARR-1 (01))
Program Officer
Pollock, Jonathan D
Project Start
2001-07-01
Project End
2009-12-31
Budget Start
2007-01-24
Budget End
2009-12-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2006
Total Cost
$338,000
Indirect Cost
Name
New York University
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
121911077
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10016
Norton, T D; Miller, E A; Bhardwaj, N et al. (2015) Vpx-containing dendritic cell vaccine induces CTLs and reactivates latent HIV-1 in vitro. Gene Ther 22:227-36
Gramberg, Thomas; Sunseri, Nicole; Landau, Nathaniel R (2009) Accessories to the crime: recent advances in HIV accessory protein biology. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 6:36-42
Browne, Edward P; Allers, Carolina; Landau, Nathaniel R (2009) Restriction of HIV-1 by APOBEC3G is cytidine deaminase-dependent. Virology 387:313-21
Schrofelbauer, Barbel; Hakata, Yoshiyuki; Landau, Nathaniel R (2007) HIV-1 Vpr function is mediated by interaction with the damage-specific DNA-binding protein DDB1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:4130-5
Fang, Lei; Landau, Nathaniel R (2007) Analysis of Vif-induced APOBEC3G degradation using an alpha-complementation assay. Virology 359:162-9
Hakata, Yoshiyuki; Landau, Nathaniel R (2006) Reversed functional organization of mouse and human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase domains. J Biol Chem 281:36624-31
Schrofelbauer, Barbel; Senger, Tilo; Manning, Gerard et al. (2006) Mutational alteration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif allows for functional interaction with nonhuman primate APOBEC3G. J Virol 80:5984-91
Chen, Hui; Lilley, Caroline E; Yu, Qin et al. (2006) APOBEC3A is a potent inhibitor of adeno-associated virus and retrotransposons. Curr Biol 16:480-5
Navarro, Francisco; Bollman, Brooke; Chen, Hui et al. (2005) Complementary function of the two catalytic domains of APOBEC3G. Virology 333:374-86
Schrofelbauer, Barbel; Yu, Qin; Zeitlin, Samantha G et al. (2005) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces the degradation of the UNG and SMUG uracil-DNA glycosylases. J Virol 79:10978-87

Showing the most recent 10 out of 17 publications