Prenatal exposure to cigarettes represents a potent risk factor for adverse behavioral outcomes including conduct problems and youth smoking. Existing research compellingly demonstrates that these increased behavioral risks are (a) robust to obvious confounding; (b) present across diverse contexts and; (c) consistent with evidence from basic science. Despite the robustness of these findings, considerable gaps remain in our understanding of mechanisms that link exposure to adverse behavioral outcomes. These gaps reflect fundamental methodologic limitations of studies to date and the need for theoretically-driven model development and testing that examines the role of characteristics of mothers who smoke during pregnancy in pathways from exposure to problem behavior in youth. The proposed study is designed to examine three questions fundamental to exploration of potential mechanisms and pathways that link prenatal cigarette exposure to later adverse behaviors: (1) What are the salient parameters of exposure that affect risk? (2) What is the specific nature of the problem behavior associated with prenatal exposure to cigarettes? and (3) How do the family contexts of prenatally exposed youth differ from those of non-exposed youth? The proposed research takes advantage of a unique opportunity to conduct a follow-up of the adolescent offspring of the Maternal-Infant Smoking Study of East Boston (MISSEB), a population-based cohort study with repeated, prospective biochemical and selfreported measurement of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure.
Specific aims of the proposal are to: (1) examine the effects of variation in duration, timing and intensity of prenatal exposure on the development of youth conduct problems and smoking; (2) delineate specific types and patterns of problem behavioir"""""""" associated with prenatal exposure (including examination of sex differences) and; (3) characterize the family context of exposed youth and explore its potential contribution to pathways to problembehavior. 260 girls and boys (mean age=l 3) and their mothers will be studied prospectively over 4 years. The study will use existing MISSEB data on prenatal exposure and collect new data on problem behavior and family context from the MISSEB cohort at adolescence. Prenatal smoking patterns will be used as predictors of youth problem behavior. Multi-level modeling techniques will be used including survival analyses and longitudinal regression techniques. The family contexts of youth whose mothers smoked during pregnancy will be compared to those of youth whose mothers smoked but not during pregnancy and youth whose mothers are nonsmokers. The potential moderational role of family factors will be explored.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01DA015223-04S1
Application #
7106781
Study Section
Risk, Prevention and Health Behavior Integrated Review Group (RPHB)
Program Officer
Borek, Nicolette T
Project Start
2003-02-01
Project End
2008-01-31
Budget Start
2005-07-01
Budget End
2006-01-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$81,625
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Illinois at Chicago
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
098987217
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60612
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Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Fang, Hua; Johnson, Craig et al. (2011) Prenatal tobacco exposure: developmental outcomes in the neonatal period. Dev Psychol 47:153-6
Wakschlag, Lauren S; Henry, David B; Blair, R James R et al. (2011) Unpacking the association: Individual differences in the relation of prenatal exposure to cigarettes and disruptive behavior phenotypes. Neurotoxicol Teratol 33:145-54

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