The District of Columbia is in the midst of a significant HIV/AIDS epidemic;approximately 3% of District of Columbia residents over the age of 12 years are living with HIV/AIDS. Injection drug use (IDU) accounts for 18% of the living cases of HIV/AIDS in the District. The scientific community has focused increased attention on the need for HIV prevention interventions that can better address the social and structural drivers of HIV risk than would be possible with individual-level interventions. Syringe exchange programs are a perfect example of a proven- effective, structural intervention that could have a tremendous impact on reducing HIV risk for injection drug users. For approximately a decade, Federal policy prohibited the District of Columbia from using its own municipal revenue to support syringe exchange programs;this policy changed with the passage by Congress of HR 2764, """"""""The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008"""""""". The passage of this bill and the subsequent passage of HR 3288, """"""""The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010"""""""" (which removed the Federal ban on funding for syringe exchange) were landmark legislative actions in the history of HIV prevention efforts in the United States. They also represent rare instances in which natural policy interventions have occurred. What remains unknown is whether or not these events are having (or will have) a measurable and significant impact on the growing HIV epidemic in the District of Columbia. The purpose of the proposed project is to: (1) conduct an impact evaluation to determine whether or not the change in syringe exchange funding policy in Washington, DC, is associated with increased access to syringe exchange services, and increased linkage to other relevant HIV prevention services for IDU (i.e., HIV testing, HIV treatment, and addiction treatment);(2) examine whether or not these changes in policy have an impact on the numbers of new cases of HIV infection associated with IDU reported in the District of Columbia;and (3) conduct a policy analysis comparing the Washington, DC, syringe exchange policy experience with those of two other cities (Baltimore, MD, and Philadelphia, PA) that required changes in local policy before funding could be used to support syringe exchange activities in order to determine how these changes in policy affected HIV prevention efforts targeting injection drug using populations. Data from this project will provide evidence of the public health benefit to Washington, DC, that has resulted from these policy changes as well as evidence to demonstrate that changing policies to support syringe exchange services can have substantial impact on the HIV epidemic.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed project will conduct an evaluation of changes in syringe exchange funding policy (HR 2764 in 2007 and HR 3288 in 2009) to determine their impact on access to sterile injection equipment, linkage to HIV testing, HIV treatment, and addiction treatment, and the number of HIV infections attributable to injection drug use in Washington, DC. This project will also conduct a policy analysis comparing the syringe exchange policy experience of Washington, DC, and two other Northeastern cities - Baltimore, MD, and Philadelphia, PA -- that required changes in local policy before funding could be used to support syringe exchange activities in order to determine how these changes in policy may have affected HIV prevention efforts targeting injection drug using populations. By examining the impact of these naturally occurring policy interventions and modeling the prospective epidemiological trend in HIV infections among IDU, this project will provide evidence of the public health impact that has resulted from these policy changes in Washington, DC.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA031649-03
Application #
8461285
Study Section
Behavioral and Social Science Approaches to Preventing HIV/AIDS Study Section (BSPH)
Program Officer
Jenkins, Richard A
Project Start
2011-07-01
Project End
2015-04-30
Budget Start
2013-05-01
Budget End
2014-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$355,965
Indirect Cost
$66,836
Name
George Washington University
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
043990498
City
Washington
State
DC
Country
United States
Zip Code
20052
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Allen, Sean T; Ruiz, Monica S; Jones, Jeff et al. (2016) Legal space for syringe exchange programs in hot spots of injection drug use-related crime. Harm Reduct J 13:16
Allen, Sean T; Ruiz, Monica S; Jones, Jeff (2016) Quantifying Syringe Exchange Program Operational Space in the District of Columbia. AIDS Behav 20:2933-2940
Ruiz, Monica S; O'Rourke, Allison; Allen, Sean T (2016) Impact Evaluation of a Policy Intervention for HIV Prevention in Washington, DC. AIDS Behav 20:22-8
Allen, Sean T; Ruiz, Monica S; Jones, Jeff (2016) Assessing Syringe Exchange Program Access among Persons Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in the District of Columbia. J Urban Health 93:131-40
Allen, Sean T; Ruiz, Monica S; O'Rourke, Allison (2015) The evidence does not speak for itself: The role of research evidence in shaping policy change for the implementation of publicly funded syringe exchange programs in three US cities. Int J Drug Policy 26:688-95
O'Rourke, Allison; Ruiz, Monica S; Allen, Sean T (2015) Client-identified needs and agency-provided services at a harm reduction community based organization in the District of Columbia. Harm Reduct J 12:17
Allen, Sean; Ruiz, Monica; O'Rourke, Allison (2015) How far will they go? Assessing the travel distance of current and former drug users to access harm reduction services. Harm Reduct J 12:3
Allen, Sean T; Ruiz, Monica S; Roess, Amira et al. (2015) Assessing seasonality of travel distance to harm reduction service providers among persons who inject drugs. Harm Reduct J 12:45