Health risk behaviors, such as substance use, are most prevalent during young adulthood and can lead to addiction. Thus, it is crucial to identify factors that contribute to growth in these health risk behaviors during young adulthood. A key feature of young adult health risk behaviors is delay or deficit in cognitive self-control of impulses. This is because prefrontal regions of the brain?regions critical to impulse control?are still maturing across young adulthood, a critical period of developmental transition with increasing independence in social contexts imbued with greater risk-taking opportunities. Current neurobiological models focus on developmental imbalance between the brain?s control and reward systems to explain the normative heightened risk taking seen in adolescence. Yet, little is known about individual differences in brain development underlying risky decision-making that leads to escalation of health risk behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood. This application proposes to continue a longitudinal study of 167 adolescents (13/14 to 16/17 years) throughout young adulthood (18/19 to 21/22 years) with intensive, repeated, multiple-level data (including neuroimaging, behavioral performance, and self- and parent report). The sample involves adolescents from understudied Appalachian rural communities that have high rates of substance abuse/addiction, and more recently an opioid/heroin overdose crisis. The objective is to clarify dynamic interactions between developmental trajectories of neural processes?risk/reward processing (valuation system) and cognitive control (control system)?that produce differential vulnerability to health risk behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood. The central hypotheses are: (1) the interplay between valuation and control systems contributing to health risk behaviors will be shown by statistical interactions between valuation and control neural activations as well as patterns of between-system connectivity; and (2) socioecological context effects on neural processes will clarify conditions under which adolescent brain development may become impoverished, and ultimately lead to suboptimal health behavior in young adulthood.
The specific aims are to examine long-term prospective effects of brain development in adolescence on health risk behaviors in young adulthood as well as reciprocal effects of health risk behaviors on brain development (Aim 1) and to examine effects of socioeconomic adversity (e.g., scarcity, low income-to-need ratio) in adolescence on health risk behaviors in young adulthood, partially mediated through parenting contexts (e.g., parent self-regulation and maladaptive parenting), with socioeconomic contextual factors that are unique to young adulthood (e.g., college attendance) predicting young adult health risk behaviors (Aim 2). These findings will yield critical insights into the neural mechanisms underlying susceptibility to health risk behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood and contextual influences on these mechanisms, with the potential to inform optimally-timed, targeted prevention efforts to ameliorate developmental pathways of youth who are at risk for drug addiction.

Public Health Relevance

Theproposedstudywillexaminethejointcontributionofdevelopingneuralmarkers?controlandvaluation?to substanceusethroughoutadolescence(13-17years)andyoungadulthood(18-22years)byfollowingaunique longitudinal sample recruited from understudied and underserved Appalachian rural communities that have high rates of substance abuse/addiction, and more recently an opioid/heroin overdose crisis;? thus the neurobehavioral determinants of health risk behaviors in this cohort may provide important insights about health risk behaviors in this community and other high-risk populations. By clarifying dynamic interactions betweendevelopmentaltrajectoriesofneuralmechanismsthatpredicttheescalationofhealthriskbehaviorsin adolescence and young adulthood and contextual influences on these mechanisms, the proposed study will yield critical information for identifying youth with high neurobiological vulnerability for developing substance abuse. The findings will further inform ways of designing optimally-timed, targeted prevention efforts to amelioratedevelopmentalpathwaysofyouthwhoareatriskfordrugaddiction.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01DA036017-06
Application #
9595677
Study Section
Psychosocial Development, Risk and Prevention Study Section (PDRP)
Program Officer
Pariyadath, Vani
Project Start
2013-09-15
Project End
2023-06-30
Budget Start
2018-09-15
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
003137015
City
Blacksburg
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
24061
Holmes, Christopher; Brieant, Alexis; Kahn, Rachel et al. (2018) Structural Home Environment Effects on Developmental Trajectories of Self-Control and Adolescent Risk Taking. J Youth Adolesc :
Bickel, Warren K; Mellis, Alexandra M; Snider, Sarah E et al. (2018) 21st century neurobehavioral theories of decision making in addiction: Review and evaluation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 164:4-21
Herd, Toria; Li, Mengjiao; Maciejewski, Dominique et al. (2018) Inhibitory Control Mediates the Association between Perceived Stress and Secure Relationship Quality. Front Psychol 9:217
Brieant, Alexis; Holmes, Christopher J; Maciejewski, Dominique et al. (2018) Positive and Negative Affect and Adolescent Adjustment: Moderation Effects of Prefrontal Functioning. J Res Adolesc 28:40-55
Wang, John M; Zhu, Lusha; Brown, Vanessa M et al. (2018) In Cocaine Dependence, Neural Prediction Errors During Loss Avoidance Are Increased With Cocaine Deprivation and Predict Drug Use. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging :
Kahn, Rachel E; Chiu, Pearl H; Deater-Deckard, Kirby et al. (2018) The Interaction Between Punishment Sensitivity and Effortful Control for Emerging Adults' Substance Use Behaviors. Subst Use Misuse 53:1299-1310
Waldron, Jonathan C; Scarpa, Angela; Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen (2018) Religiosity and interpersonal problems explain individual differences in self esteem among young adults with child maltreatment experiences. Child Abuse Negl 80:277-284
Holmes, Christopher J; Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen (2017) Adolescents' Religiousness and Substance Use Are Linked via Afterlife Beliefs and Future Orientation. J Early Adolesc 37:1054-1077
Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen; Kahn, Rachel E; Lauharatanahirun, Nina et al. (2017) Executive functioning and substance use in adolescence: Neurobiological and behavioral perspectives. Neuropsychologia 100:79-92
Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen; Maciejewski, Dominique; Lee, Jacob et al. (2017) Longitudinal associations among family environment, neural cognitive control, and social competence among adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 26:69-76

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