Since 1996, 20 states and DC passed laws legalizing medical use of marijuana (40% of all states), and other states are considering such laws. Whether these fast-changing laws lead to increases in marijuana use (MU) is now largely a matter of opinion and debate. Responding to NIDA PA 11-230, we propose to investigate the relationship between MML and MU, MU disorders and consequences of MU in both adolescents and adults, using an outstanding resource, the restricted access data files from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2004 and onwards, that we are authorized to access through SAMHSA's new NSDUH Restricted Use Files Data Portal. These data files include important variables not included in the public use files, including state of residence, exact respondent age, and detailed race/ethnicity information. We will also incorporate state-level data external to NSDUH (e.g., Census demographic data, state arrest rates, emergency department visits, MML variation) as potential confounders and outcomes in our models comparing states with and without MML. The proposed study is a comprehensive, timely, and innovative investigation of these issues, designed to provide much-needed, important information to health scientists, policy-makers and the public. Primary aims are to: 1a) Examine individual-level MU and MU disorder from 2004 to 2014 as a function of state-level MML; 1b) Using data from the US states that approved MML after 2004, examine the effects of different time lags (e.g., 1-, 2-years) before and after passage of the laws on individual-level MU and MU disorder. 2) Explore whether state-level variations in MML or specific aspects of MML (e.g., variations of amounts allowed per patient, registration rules, permitted medical conditions) are associated with the prevalence of MU, how individuals acquire marijuana, and how much they pay for it. 3) Investigate whether passage of state MML is followed by change in individual risk for (a) other substances (alcohol, nonmedical prescription opioid, cocaine, heroin use), relative to trends in the US states without MML (increase, per the gateway hypothesis; or decrease, per the substitution hypothesis); (b) consequences related to marijuana use (i.e., arrests, incarceration, legal problems), relative to any change in the risk for these consequences in states without MML. 4) Investigate whether racial/ethnic (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Asian, and Hispanic) and age (i.e., adolescents, young adults, and older adults) differences in past-year and past-month prevalence of MU and MU disorders and potential consequences of MU change as a function of the passage of state-level MML. Our research team includes experts in substance abuse epidemiology and biostatistics as well as an expert with extensive expertise in marijuana laws and marijuana markets. Our analyses will employ multilevel regression modeling. This study will address questions of major public health significance, adding important knowledge about fast-changing marijuana laws and their effects on MU among adults and adolescents, contributing to general knowledge about the relationship of legislation to substance use.

Public Health Relevance

This study will use detailed information from the National Survey on Drug Use restricted?use files to identify the possible effects of state-level variation in specific aspects of MML on the prevalence of MU and marijuana disorders, whether MML is followed by change in individual risk for other substance use, and if MML moderates racial/ethnic and age-related differences in the individual risk for consequences related to MU. This will be the first study to examine the direct effects of MML on marijuana acquisition patterns and prices. This study will address questions of major public health significance, adding important knowledge about fast- changing marijuana laws and their effects on marijuana use among adults and adolescents, contributing to general knowledge about the relationship of legislation to substance use.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01DA037866-05S2
Application #
9679090
Study Section
Social Sciences and Population Studies B Study Section (SSPB)
Program Officer
Kimmel, Heather L
Project Start
2014-09-15
Project End
2019-08-31
Budget Start
2018-09-01
Budget End
2019-08-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Columbia University (N.Y.)
Department
Public Health & Prev Medicine
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
621889815
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10032
Chen, Lian-Yu; Martins, Silvia S; Strain, Eric C et al. (2018) Sex and age differences in risk factors of marijuana involvement during adolescence. Addict Disord Their Treat 17:29-39
Perlmutter, Alexander S; Bauman, Myrela; Mantha, Shivani et al. (2018) Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use among Adolescents: Global Epidemiological Evidence for Prevention, Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Curr Addict Rep 5:120-127
Mauro, Pia M; Carliner, Hannah; Brown, Qiana L et al. (2018) Age Differences in Daily and Nondaily Cannabis Use in the United States, 2002-2014. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 79:423-431
Giovenco, Daniel P; Spillane, Torra E; Mauro, Christine M et al. (2018) Cigarillo sales in legalized marijuana markets in the U.S. Drug Alcohol Depend 185:347-350
Metz, Verena E; Brown, Qiana L; Martins, Silvia S et al. (2018) Characteristics of drug use among pregnant women in the United States: Opioid and non-opioid illegal drug use. Drug Alcohol Depend 183:261-266
Perlmutter, Alexander S; Conner, Sarah C; Savone, Mirko et al. (2017) Is employment status in adults over 25 years old associated with nonmedical prescription opioid and stimulant use? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52:291-298
Martins, Silvia S; Segura, Luis E; Santaella-Tenorio, Julian et al. (2017) Prescription opioid use disorder and heroin use among 12-34 year-olds in the United States from 2002 to 2014. Addict Behav 65:236-241
Williams, Arthur Robin; Santaella-Tenorio, Julian; Mauro, Christine M et al. (2017) Loose regulation of medical marijuana programs associated with higher rates of adult marijuana use but not cannabis use disorder. Addiction 112:1985-1991
Carliner, Hannah; Mauro, Pia M; Brown, Qiana L et al. (2017) The widening gender gap in marijuana use prevalence in the U.S. during a period of economic change, 2002-2014. Drug Alcohol Depend 170:51-58
Santaella-Tenorio, Julian; Mauro, Christine M; Wall, Melanie M et al. (2017) US Traffic Fatalities, 1985-2014, and Their Relationship to Medical Marijuana Laws. Am J Public Health 107:336-342

Showing the most recent 10 out of 31 publications