The ability to dynamically image, using fluorescent probes, neural activity and other fast physiological events in living brains has begun to revolutionize neuroscience. The fundamental limitation of optical scattering in living tissue, which limits fast imaging to shallow depths, has attracted much attention from hardware inventors, who have developed a diversity of strategies -- ranging from multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy, to adaptive optics approaches that attempt to invert tissue scattering. However, imaging extended volumes of brain tissue, at rates that keep up with fast events like action potentials, remains a challenge. We here propose to invert the problem, and make the living brain, itself, more transparent. By developing chemicals that safely and efficaciously smooth out refractive index inhomogeneities that scatter light, we will enable observation of high speed neural processes throughout extended volumes, e.g. entire cortical microcircuits (and potentially, across arbitrary scales). In this way, neuroscientists will be able to analyze the neural activity patterns across circuits underlying complex phenomena like emotions, decisions, and actions, and that contribute to disease states. Beyond neuroscience, our technology may broadly improve the observation of high-speed physiological events in the living body, of importance to immunity, development, cancer, and other parts of biology and medicine.

Public Health Relevance

Imaging extended volumes of brain tissue, at rates that keep up with fast events like action potentials, is important for understanding the patterns of neural activity that contribute to brain pathology. However, this is a difficult task because the brain scatters light, making imaging imprecise. We here propose to develop a new technology that will enable the fast volumetric imaging of brain activity, enabling insights into the causes of brain disorders and their remedy, and pointing the way to new clinical targets.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DA045549-04
Application #
9978808
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Satterlee, John S
Project Start
2017-09-01
Project End
2021-07-31
Budget Start
2020-08-01
Budget End
2021-07-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Department
Biology
Type
University-Wide
DUNS #
001425594
City
Cambridge
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02142