Realizing the full potential of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) as noninvasive probes of cochlear function requires understanding the physical and physiological mechanisms that generate and shape these sounds. Despite considerable recent progress identifying fundamental differences among OAE types, many aspects of OAE generation remain controversial and poorly understood. Over the next five years we propose to test models of OAE generation and to explore hypothesized interrelationships between OAEs and other measures of cochlear function, including auditory-nerve tuning and basilar- membrane motion.
In Aim 1 we will determine the relationship between cochlear tuning and OAEs in individual ears by measuring the amplitude and phase of auditory-nerve tuning and stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) using the same stimuli. In addition, we will use the data both to determine the functional characteristics of cochlear wave propagation and amplification, including their dependence on characteristic frequency and intensity, and to test models of OAE generation throughout the cochlea. We will test our auditory-nerve based conclusions with mechanical measurements in both the low- and high-frequency regions of the cochlea.
In Aim 2 we will extend our knowledge of OAE mechanisms to the apical half of the cochlea, where mounting evidence suggests the mechanics are very different from the base. Although the apical half of the cochlea is the most important region for human speech communication, relatively little is known about its mechanical or otoacoustic responses.
In Aim 3 we will determine modes of reverse energy propagation in the cochlea by testing model predictions for standing-wave interference patterns measurable on the basilar membrane.
In Aim 4 we will synthesize our knowledge of cochlear mechanics and OAE generation through continued development of the physics-based cochlear and OAE models responsible for the hypotheses and predictions tested in the other Aims. Completion of these four interconnected Aims will significantly enhance our understanding of OAE generation mechanisms and their relationship to cochlear mechanics and tuning throughout the cochlea. In addition to the basic science they address, these Aims are directly relevant to improving the power of OAE-based hearing diagnostics and other technological applications, including pre-processors for speech-recognition and cochlear implant systems that benefit from knowledge of human cochlear tuning.
Our experiments and models address the mechanisms by which healthy ears generate sound. Sounds created by the ear, known as otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), serve as the basis for noninvasive clinical tests of hearing function. By increasing our understanding of how these sounds are produced within the cochlea, and how OAEs relate to other aspects of cochlear function important for human communication, the proposed work will enhance the power and interpretation of clinical hearing tests and help to improve the design of prosthetic devices such as cochlear implants.
| Shera, Christopher A; Charaziak, Karolina K (2018) Cochlear Frequency Tuning and Otoacoustic Emissions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med : |
| Sumner, Christian J; Wells, Toby T; Bergevin, Christopher et al. (2018) Mammalian behavior and physiology converge to confirm sharper cochlear tuning in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:11322-11326 |
| Gruters, Kurtis G; Murphy, David L K; Jenson, Cole D et al. (2018) The eardrums move when the eyes move: A multisensory effect on the mechanics of hearing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E1309-E1318 |
| Abdala, Carolina; Guardia, Yeini C; Shera, Christopher A (2018) Swept-tone stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions: Normative data and methodological considerations. J Acoust Soc Am 143:181 |
| Moleti, Arturo; Sisto, Renata; Shera, Christopher A (2018) Introducing Causality Violation for Improved DPOAE Component Unmixing. AIP Conf Proc 1965: |
| Charaziak, Karolina K; Siegel, Jonathan H; Shera, Christopher A (2018) Spectral Ripples in Round-Window Cochlear Microphonics: Evidence for Multiple Generation Mechanisms. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 19:401-419 |
| Abdala, Carolina; Ortmann, Amanda J; Shera, Christopher A (2018) Reflection- and Distortion-Source Otoacoustic Emissions: Evidence for Increased Irregularity in the Human Cochlea During Aging. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 19:493-510 |
| Christensen, Anders T; Abdala, Carolina; Shera, Christopher A (2018) Probing Apical-Basal Differences in the Human Cochlea Using Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emission Phase. AIP Conf Proc 1965: |
| Sisto, Renata; Shera, Christopher A; Moleti, Arturo (2018) Negative-delay sources in distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Hear Res 360:25-30 |
| Charaziak, Karolina K; Dong, Wei; Shera, Christopher A (2018) Temporal Suppression of Clicked-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Basilar-Membrane Motion in Gerbils. AIP Conf Proc 1965: |
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