In humans exposure to body odorants can produce sex-specific neuroendocrine responses, permit the discrimination of scents based on differences in major histocompatibility alleles, and sex-dependently activate regions of the hypothalamus involved in reproduction. However, failure to identify the neural pathways through which such signals access reproductive circuits has impeded our understanding of how human """"""""pheromones"""""""" may affect behavior. Moreover, despite evidence in animals that such biologically relevant odors may act as natural rewards, the routes through which odors are conveyed to the mesolimbic dopamine system that mediates reinforcement have yet to be identified. Using mice, we have identified a direct projection of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) to the medial amygdala (Me), which projects to areas in the hypothalamus that control reproduction. Preservation of this pathway in humans could explain how odors influence sex partner preference and mating behavior. As chemosignals can be detected by both the main and accessory olfactory systems in the mouse, we will compare the involvement of each system in regulating responses to olfactory cues that control sexual motivation and reward. First, we will determine whether the direct pathway from the ventral MOB to the Me is differentially activated by male and female urinary volatiles in the two sexes and whether adult exposure to testosterone modulates the intensity of such responses. Next we will determine whether a subset of olfactory sensory neurons that express the M5 subtype of a TRP cation channel project to MOB glomeruli that are innervated by Me projecting mitral cells and selectively respond to opposite-sex urinary volatiles. Because we have observed that many of the ventral MOB projections to the Me also send branches to the olfactory cortex, we will map the targets of these projections to determine if specific sites in the olfactory cortex are preferentially innervated and differ in males and females. Choi et al (2005) suggested that odors of reproductive significance in mice activate a circuit of neurons that express the transcription factor, Lhx6, in the Me and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and then terminate in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). We will determine the extent to which main vs accessory olfactory inputs selectively induce Fos (a marker of neuronal activity) in Lhx6- expressing neurons in the Me, BNST and VMH of male mice, and determine whether these neurons send axons to the ventral tegmental area, the location of dopaminergic cell bodies of the mesolimbic system. Finally, we will use a conditioned place preference paradigm to compare the incentive qualities of body odorants detected by the main vs accessory systems in male mice. Our results should provide insight into the olfactory and limbic circuits that process reproductively salient odor cues, and may also help elucidate the mechanism whereby non-olfactory (visual, auditory, or purely cognitive) inputs control sex partner preference and sexual arousal in humans. We have identified a new direct connection from odor sensors in the nose of mice to parts of the brain important for mating. Preservation of this pathway in humans may help explain other results showing that body odor components can activate similar brain areas in people. We propose to study this pathway in the mouse to determine how odors may be involved in regulating mate choice, sexual motivation and reward.

Public Health Relevance

We have identified a new direct connection from odor sensors in the nose of mice to parts of the brain important for mating. Preservation of this pathway in humans may help explain other results showing that body odor components can activate similar brain areas in people. We propose to study this pathway in the mouse to determine how odors may be involved in regulating mate choice, sexual motivation and reward.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DC008962-02
Application #
7743728
Study Section
Neurobiology of Motivated Behavior Study Section (NMB)
Program Officer
Davis, Barry
Project Start
2008-12-05
Project End
2013-11-30
Budget Start
2009-12-01
Budget End
2010-11-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$307,674
Indirect Cost
Name
Boston University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
049435266
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02215
Kunkhyen, T; Perez, E; Bass, M et al. (2018) Gonadal hormones, but not sex, affect the acquisition and maintenance of a Go/No-Go odor discrimination task in mice. Horm Behav 100:12-19
McCarthy, Elizabeth A; Kunkhyen, Tenzin; Korzan, Wayne J et al. (2017) A comparison of the effects of male pheromone priming and optogenetic inhibition of accessory olfactory bulb forebrain inputs on the sexual behavior of estrous female mice. Horm Behav 89:104-112
McCarthy, Elizabeth A; Maqsudlu, Arman; Bass, Matthew et al. (2017) DREADD-induced silencing of the medial amygdala reduces the preference for male pheromones and the expression of lordosis in estrous female mice. Eur J Neurosci 46:2035-2046
DiBenedictis, Brett T; Olugbemi, Adaeze O; Baum, Michael J et al. (2014) 6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the anteromedial ventral striatum impair opposite-sex urinary odor preference in female mice. Behav Brain Res 274:243-7
DiBenedictis, Brett T; Helfand, Alexander I; Baum, Michael J et al. (2014) A quantitative comparison of the efferent projections of the anterior and posterior subdivisions of the medial amygdala in female mice. Brain Res 1543:101-8
Korzan, Wayne J; Freamat, Mihael; Johnson, Adam G et al. (2013) Either main or accessory olfactory system signaling can mediate the rewarding effects of estrous female chemosignals in sexually naive male mice. Behav Neurosci 127:755-62
DiBenedictis, Brett T; Ingraham, Kaitlin L; Baum, Michael J et al. (2012) Disruption of urinary odor preference and lordosis behavior in female mice given lesions of the medial amygdala. Physiol Behav 105:554-9
Kang, Ningdong; Baum, Michael J; Cherry, James A (2011) Different profiles of main and accessory olfactory bulb mitral/tufted cell projections revealed in mice using an anterograde tracer and a whole-mount, flattened cortex preparation. Chem Senses 36:251-60
Kang, N; McCarthy, E A; Cherry, J A et al. (2011) A sex comparison of the anatomy and function of the main olfactory bulb-medial amygdala projection in mice. Neuroscience 172:196-204