Two major goals of neuroscience research are (1) to understand how sensory information guides behavior and (2) to understand how behaviors are modified by experience. In most sensory modalities, extracting salient information involves passing signals back-and-forth between multiple, highly-interconnected neural circuits, making it challenging to disentangle which computations are made by which neuronal populations. For this reason, there is a significant advantage to studying sensory processing in neural pathways that involve few interconnected circuits. In mice, a specialized chemosensory pathway called the accessory olfactory system strongly influences social behavior and utilizes just one small neural circuit for the majority of its information processing. This small neural circuit is called the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), and the proposed research aims to determine how neurons in the AOB extract behaviorally-relevant chemosensory information from the environment and refine that information through experience. Information processing in the AOB critically depends on the function of several classes of inhibitory interneurons, and neural plasticity in AOB interneurons is thought to underlie forms of social learning. The proposed research will use electrophysiology, neuronal calcium imaging, and optogenetics to determine the specific sensory computations performed by three major classes of AOB interneurons. The proposal leverages a unique ex vivo preparation of the AOB that allows researchers to monitor and manipulate AOB neurons during naturalistic peripheral chemosensory stimulation, which is important for relating activity measurements to information content. Furthermore, the proposed experiments will determine how the computations made by these interneurons contribute to the expression of social behaviors. The final proposed experiments will investigate how experience-dependent plasticity in one of the AOB interneuron classes impacts forms of social learning. Overall, the proposed research will produce important insights into the neural mechanisms of sensory processing, social behaviors, and behavioral plasticity.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research will investigate chemosensory processing in the accessory olfactory system, a neural pathway that strongly influences social behaviors in mice. Mice are the predominant mammalian model organism, and evaluating mouse social behaviors is a core component of research into several neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. The insights into chemosensory processing gained through this research will lead to a more robust understanding of sensory contributions to mouse social behaviors.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
7R01DC015784-05
Application #
10263552
Study Section
Somatosensory and Chemosensory Systems Study Section (SCS)
Program Officer
Sullivan, Susan L
Project Start
2020-09-15
Project End
2021-11-30
Budget Start
2020-09-15
Budget End
2020-11-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Rochester
Department
Type
DUNS #
041294109
City
Rochester
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14627
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Doyle, Wayne I; Meeks, Julian P (2017) Heterogeneous effects of norepinephrine on spontaneous and stimulus-driven activity in the male accessory olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 117:1342-1351
Cansler, Hillary L; Maksimova, Marina A; Meeks, Julian P (2017) Experience-Dependent Plasticity in Accessory Olfactory Bulb Interneurons following Male-Male Social Interaction. J Neurosci 37:7240-7252