verbatim) Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a major problem in patients with AIDS, diabetes, and a number of other predisposing conditions. The predominant species, Candida albicans, may be found in small numbers in healthy persons but the numbers increase dramatically when OPC is found. The nature of host resistance to Candida is poorly understood in that it is not at all clear why the numbers of yeast remain low in healthy persons. The PI proposes that the interactions of C albicans with toll-like receptors play a role in the induction of protective defenses. In our preliminary experiments, the PI has found that C. albicans mannan, as well as lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria, regulates several different TLRs in murine macrophages. The PI plans to analyze the kinetics of TLR gene expression after macrophage exposure to mannan. In addition to assaying mRNA, production of TLR proteins will be monitored by use of antibodies generated as part of the research. In addition, they will investigate the role of mannan as a regulator of expression of the co-stimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2, and of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha as these can be induced as a result of TLR-mediated signaling. They will determine whether whole cells and a variety of extracts of C. albicans and other yeast species invoke the same sort of immune response via interactions involving TLRs. Successful understanding of the interactions of pathogenic yeasts with TLRs should lay a foundation for development of immunological strategies that may augment defense responses in OPC and other infectious diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DE013988-06
Application #
6769437
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDE1-YA (62))
Program Officer
Nokta, Mostafa A
Project Start
2000-09-29
Project End
2006-07-31
Budget Start
2004-08-01
Budget End
2006-07-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$221,638
Indirect Cost
Name
Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603007902
City
Indianapolis
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
46202
Singh, Pratibha; Yao, Yongxue; Weliver, Abigail et al. (2008) Vaccinia virus infection modulates the hematopoietic cell compartments in the bone marrow. Stem Cells 26:1009-16
Derbigny, Wilbert A; Hong, Soon-Cheol; Kerr, Micah S et al. (2007) Chlamydia muridarum infection elicits a beta interferon response in murine oviduct epithelial cells dependent on interferon regulatory factor 3 and TRIF. Infect Immun 75:1280-90
Mohammad, Mohammad K; Morran, Michael; Slotterbeck, Brandon et al. (2006) Dysregulated Toll-like receptor expression and signaling in bone marrow-derived macrophages at the onset of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse. Int Immunol 18:1101-13
Yao, Yongxue; Xu, Qi; Kwon, Myung-Ja et al. (2006) ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways negatively regulate CIITA gene expression in dendritic cells and macrophages. J Immunol 177:70-6
Yeo, Seon-Ju; Yoon, Jae-Geun; Hong, Soon-Cheol et al. (2003) CpG DNA induces self and cross-hyporesponsiveness of RAW264.7 cells in response to CpG DNA and lipopolysaccharide: alterations in IL-1 receptor-associated kinase expression. J Immunol 170:1052-61
Gourley, Tania S; Patel, Dipak R; Nickerson, Kevin et al. (2002) Aberrant expression of Fas ligand in mice deficient for the MHC class II transactivator. J Immunol 168:4414-9
Yi, Ae-Kyung; Yoon, Jae-Geun; Yeo, Seon-Ju et al. (2002) Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in CpG DNA-mediated IL-10 and IL-12 production: central role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the negative feedback loop of the CpG DNA-mediated Th1 response. J Immunol 168:4711-20
Yi, A K; Yoon, J G; Hong, S C et al. (2001) Lipopolysaccharide and CpG DNA synergize for tumor necrosis factor-alpha production through activation of NF-kappaB. Int Immunol 13:1391-404