Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and phosphophoryn (PP) are the two most abundant noncollagenous proteins in dentin, and have more recently been found in bone, kidney and salivary glands, suggesting that the DSP-PP gene may participate in a variety of processes during organogenesis. DSP and PP coding sequences are derived from a single DSP-PP gene, yet in dentin there exists a 1:6 ratio of DSP:PP instead of the expected 1:1 ratio. To date it has not been possible to study DSP-PP post-translational processing and cleavage because no DSP- PP precursor protein has been identified in any cell or tissue sample, leaving unanswered such questions as where DSP-PP cleavage occurs (i.e., intracellularly or extracellularly) and what cleavage enzyme(s) may be involved. To answer these DSP-PP protein-processing questions, we utilized a baculovirus expression system to produce recombinant DSP-PP precursor proteins from a DSP-PP240 cDNA, which represents one of several endogenous DSP-PP transcripts believed to play different roles during dentin mineralization. Our recent publication in the J. Biol. Chemistry, and our Preliminary Results, demonstrate that DSP-PP240 precursor proteins are produced by this system, and are capable of self-processing to yield both DSP and PP proteins. This application proposes a series of studies to better define and characterize DSP-PP precursor protein processing.
The Specific Aims of this proposal are to utilize a variety of different recombinant DSP-PP precursor protein compositions to investigate DSP-PP processing in various expression systems (Aim 1);to determine the first DSP-PP cleavage site using site mutagenesis (Aim 2);to examine functional effects that DSP-PP cleavage defective mutants may have on dental pulp cell mineralization (Aim 3);and in Aim 4 we will investigate proteolytic activity of DSP-PP and PP using kinetic studies and protease inhibitors, and determine how residues within specific PP domains may affect PP proteolysis. We expect that this proposal will potentially lead to the characterization of a new class of protease. We also expect that this proposal will lead to the identification of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in PP that may be associated with dental related abnormalities.

Public Health Relevance

Narative Tooth development requires a complex set of proteins to convert pre-mineralized dentin to mineralized dentin. Two non-collagenous proteins present in developing teeth, dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and phosphophoryn (PP), participate in the mineralization process. While these two proteins are encoded on the same gene, little is know about how they are processed to produce DSP and PP at tooth mineralization sites. The aim of this study is to define the DSP-PP processing events that regulate DSP-PP precursor protein cleavage. This study should lead to a greater understanding of tooth developmental biology.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DE018901-05
Application #
8584988
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-MOSS-K (09))
Program Officer
Wan, Jason
Project Start
2008-12-01
Project End
2014-11-30
Budget Start
2012-12-01
Budget End
2014-11-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$333,720
Indirect Cost
$117,720
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Dentistry
Type
Schools of Dentistry
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
Guo, Shiliang; Lim, Dandrich; Dong, Zhihong et al. (2014) Dentin sialophosphoprotein: a regulatory protein for dental pulp stem cell identity and fate. Stem Cells Dev 23:2883-94
Yang, Robert T; Lim, Glendale L; Yee, Colin T et al. (2014) Site specificity of DSP-PP cleavage by BMP1. Connect Tissue Res 55 Suppl 1:142-5
Yang, Robert T; Lim, Glendale L; Dong, Zhihong et al. (2013) The efficiency of dentin sialoprotein-phosphophoryn processing is affected by mutations both flanking and distant from the cleavage site. J Biol Chem 288:6024-33
Ritchie, Helena H; Yee, Colin T; Tang, Xu-Na et al. (2012) DSP-PP precursor protein cleavage by tolloid-related-1 protein and by bone morphogenetic protein-1. PLoS One 7:e41110
Tang, Xu-na; Zhu, Ya-qin; Marcelo, Cynthia L et al. (2011) Expression of mineralized tissue associated proteins: dentin sialoprotein and phosphophoryn in rodent hair follicles. J Dermatol Sci 64:92-8