Sj?gren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease affecting 1% of the population. The hallmarks of SS are dry mouth and dry eyes. Such symptoms are typically clinically detectable only after salivary and lacrimal glands display chronic inflammation, a point at which current therapies have no benefit. Although extensive investigation has been done to understand the ethiopathogenesis of SS, the causes or cures for the disease are still unknown. Recent studies demonstrate that human and animal cells convert ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into resolvins (Rv), which are new, highly potent, anti-inflammatory agents that control the resolution of inflammation in models colitis, periodontitis and corneal inflammation. Additionally, our recent findings indicate that the RvD1 receptor ALX is expressed in normal salivary cells, as well in cell lines of salivary origin. In salivary epitheium, RvD1 blocks TNF?-mediated disruption of acinar formation and enhances epithelial integrity via PI3k/Akt pathways. Furthermore, treatment of a SS mouse model with AT-RvD1 before disease onset (at 4 weeks of age) prevents secretory dysfunction and lymphocytic infiltration in submandibular glands that occurs during onset of the disease (at 16-weeks of age). Therefore, the proposed studies will elucidate the mechanisms whereby RvD1 and AT-RvD1 prevent inflammatory dysfunction and restore salivary epithelial integrity, using accepted in vitro and in vivo salivary models of SS. We hypothesize that resolution of inflammation in salivary glands can prevent, and could help manage, symptoms of SS. We plan to address the following:
Aim 1 : To characterize the pathways involved in the generation of RvD1 in salivary glands. We will investigate whether enzymes and metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of RvD1 are altered during the progression of SS.
Aim 2 : To investigate the downstream signaling pathways triggered by RvD1 in salivary glands. We will study the mechanisms by which RvD1 binds to the ALXR and activates cell migration, cell polarity, and cell survival (in primary mouse SMG cells and in salivary cell lines).
Aim 3 : To evaluate the efficacy of the RvD1 treatment (i.e., the abiliy to prevent inflammation and secretory dysfunction) in SS mice models. We believe a better understanding of RvD1 biogenesis, signaling, and treatment could reduce the progress of SS in earlier stage patients and lead to improved symptom management for advanced stage patients.

Public Health Relevance

Proper salivary gland function is critical for oral health. Sj?gren's Syndrome (SS) causes salivary gland inflammation with consequent dysfunction leading to severe dryness of the oral cavity. This proposal will evaluate the feasibility of a pharmacological therapy using newly discovered lipid mediators termed """"""""RvD1 and AT-RvD1"""""""" to prevent and/or resolve salivary gland inflammation and dysfunction in SS mice models.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DE021697-01A1
Application #
8296970
Study Section
Oral, Dental and Craniofacial Sciences Study Section (ODCS)
Program Officer
Burgoon, Penny W
Project Start
2012-05-01
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2012-05-01
Budget End
2013-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$369,234
Indirect Cost
$119,234
Name
State University of New York at Buffalo
Department
Dentistry
Type
Schools of Dentistry
DUNS #
038633251
City
Buffalo
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
14260
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Wang, Ching-Shuen; Maruyama, Christina L; Easley, Justin T et al. (2017) AT-RvD1 Promotes Resolution of Inflammation in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Sci Rep 7:45525
Sommakia, S; Baker, O J (2017) Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 23:576-597
Nam, K; Wang, C-S; Maruyama, C L M et al. (2017) L1 Peptide-Conjugated Fibrin Hydrogels Promote Salivary Gland Regeneration. J Dent Res 96:798-806
Leigh, Noel J; Nelson, Joel W; Mellas, Rachel E et al. (2017) Three-dimensional cultures of mouse submandibular and parotid glands: a comparative study. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 11:618-626
Easley, Justin T; Maruyama, Christina L M; Wang, Ching-Shuen et al. (2016) AT-RvD1 combined with DEX is highly effective in treating TNF-?-mediated disruption of the salivary gland epithelium. Physiol Rep 4:
Baker, Olga J (2016) Current trends in salivary gland tight junctions. Tissue Barriers 4:e1162348
Nam, Kihoon; Jones, Joshua P; Lei, Pedro et al. (2016) Laminin-111 Peptides Conjugated to Fibrin Hydrogels Promote Formation of Lumen Containing Parotid Gland Cell Clusters. Biomacromolecules 17:2293-301
Sommakia, Salah; Baker, Olga J (2016) Neurons Self-Organize Around Salivary Epithelial Cells in Novel Co-Culture Model. J Stem Cell Regen Biol 2:
Nam, Kihoon; Maruyama, Christina L; Trump, Bryan G et al. (2016) Post-Irradiated Human Submandibular Glands Display High Collagen Deposition, Disorganized Cell Junctions, and an Increased Number of Adipocytes. J Histochem Cytochem 64:343-52

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