Our goal is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which insulin regulates metabolism. The acute effects of insulin on glycogen metabolism, activating glycogen synthase and inactivating phosphorylase and phosphorylase kinase, are mediated by the activation of a certain phosphoprotein phosphatase. A chronic effect of insulin is the accumulation of a protein component essential for this acute response. A principle objective is to define the mechanism by which the phosphatase is regulated and determine the molecular modifications in the structure of the phosphatase produced in response to insulin. A second objective is to compare levels of phosphatase components in protein and mRNA of liver and other tissues from diabetic and normal animals. The experimental strategy employs unique anticatalytic and anti-regulatory immunoglobulins as well as biochemical and immunochemical analytical procedures developed in the first term of this project. The proposal presents a new hypothesis for regulation of the phosphatase through intramolecular disulfide interchange. A phosphorylated protein regulator of Mr=60.000, related to inhibitor-2, influences this reaction. Active and inactive forms of the phosphatase will be analyzed by diagonal electrophoresis of cystine peptides. Purified peptides will be sequenced and the appropriate oligonucleotides synthesized to use as hybridization probes for isolating and sequencing the phosphatase gene. Immunoblotting will be used to measure the phosphatase proteins in normal and diabetic rat liver, fat and muscle. The immunoglobulins will also be used to recover the newly-discovered phosphatase catalytic or regulator proteins from in vitro translation of liver mRNA. The molecular defect in alloxan-diabetes may be the diminished production of one of these proteins, so understanding their interactions may prove to be the basis for novel chemotherapeutic approaches to diabetes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK031374-06
Application #
3230014
Study Section
Physiological Chemistry Study Section (PC)
Project Start
1983-05-01
Project End
1991-06-30
Budget Start
1988-07-01
Budget End
1989-06-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
1988
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Brown University
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001785542
City
Providence
State
RI
Country
United States
Zip Code
02912
Williams, J P; Jo, H; Hunnicutt, R E et al. (1995) Tyrosine phosphorylation of phosphatase inhibitor 2. J Cell Biochem 57:415-22
Belandia, B; Brautigan, D; Martin-Perez, J (1994) Attenuation of ribosomal protein S6 phosphatase activity in chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. Mol Cell Biol 14:200-6
Fernandez, A; Brautigan, D L; Lamb, N J (1992) Protein phosphatase type 1 in mammalian cell mitosis: chromosomal localization and involvement in mitotic exit. J Cell Biol 116:1421-30
Suganuma, M; Fujiki, H; Okabe, S et al. (1992) Structurally different members of the okadaic acid class selectively inhibit protein serine/threonine but not tyrosine phosphatase activity. Toxicon 30:873-8
DeRemer, M F; Saeli, R J; Brautigan, D L et al. (1992) Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases Ia and Ib from rat brain. II. Enzymatic characteristics and regulation of activities by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. J Biol Chem 267:13466-71
Finn, A L; Gaido, M L; Dillard, M et al. (1992) Regulation of an epithelial chloride channel by direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Am J Physiol 263:C172-5
Chung, S K; Reinhart, P H; Martin, B L et al. (1991) Protein kinase activity closely associated with a reconstituted calcium-activated potassium channel. Science 253:560-2
Washburn, T; Hocutt, A; Brautigan, D L et al. (1991) Uterine estrogen receptor in vivo: phosphorylation of nuclear specific forms on serine residues. Mol Endocrinol 5:235-42
Nyomba, B L; Brautigan, D L; Schlender, K K et al. (1991) Deficiency in phosphorylase phosphatase activity despite elevated protein phosphatase type-1 catalytic subunit in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant subjects. J Clin Invest 88:1540-5
Gruppuso, P A; Mikumo, R; Brautigan, D L et al. (1991) Growth arrest induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 is accompanied by protein phosphatase activation in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 266:3444-8

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