Prolactin (PRL) and related hormones play major roles in parental care of offspring and the regulation of metabolism. In mammals this includes regulation of pregnancy and lactation. Prolactin not only controls the lactogenic differentiation of mammary gland, but also affects a variety of other target tissues. Many of those effects are important to support the growth, differentiation, and nutrition associated with pregnancy and nurturing. The general goal of this research program is understanding the molecular physiology of PRL action by studying the stimulation of calpactin expression in pigeon cropsac. This regulatory effect is a productive model system in which to examine simultaneously both the molecular mechanisms of PRL-induced gene expression and the function of genes which encode Ca2+- dependent membrane-binding proteins that are major cellular substrates of oncogene and growth-factor receptor tyrosine kinases. The PRL-regulated gene which we will be examining (calpactin) is inherently interesting as a component of basic cellular biology, as well as being a valuable endpoint from which to study PRL mechanisms. This is one positive aspect which distinguishes this system from others regulated by PRL (i.e. milk protein genes) which do not play any fundamental or general roles in cellular physiology.
The aims of these experiments are focussed on three general topics. First a comprehensive analysis of the PRL-induced calpactin gene which we have cloned. These experiments will determine the unique structures which are associated with induction of this form of the calpactin genes. Hypotheses to be tested will include that the PRL-induced calpactin gene is spliced in a specific manner or that it is expressed from an alternative promoter site. Related mRNAs which are not PRL-regulated will be compared to determine special features of this gene's expression. Second, recombinations of segments of a human calpactin which are sites of regulation by tyrosine kinases with equivalent segments of the PRL-induced calpactin which is to tyrosine kinase-regulated will be made and tested. These experiments will test the hypothesis that productive phosphorylative regulation is determined by specific amino acid sequences downstream from the phosphorylation site in human calpactin. Thirdly, immunolocalization of calpactin protein and neutralization of calpactin mRNA expression with antisense oligonucleotides will be used to examine the function of this protein in PRL-induced proliferation and differentiation.
| Chen, X; Horseman, N D (1994) Cloning, expression, and mutational analysis of the pigeon prolactin receptor. Endocrinology 135:269-76 |
| Horseman, N D; Yu-Lee, L Y (1994) Transcriptional regulation by the helix bundle peptide hormones: growth hormone, prolactin, and hematopoietic cytokines. Endocr Rev 15:627-49 |
| Uhrin, P; Horseman, N D (1993) Regulation of the annexin Icp35 gene in transfected mammary gland cell lines. Biochem Mol Biol Int 30:305-10 |
| Haigler, H T; Mangili, J A; Gao, Y et al. (1992) Identification and characterization of columbid annexin Icp37. Insights into the evolution of annexin I phosphorylation sites. J Biol Chem 267:19123-9 |
| Xu, Y H; Horseman, N D (1992) Nuclear proteins and prolactin-induced annexin Icp35 gene transcription. Mol Endocrinol 6:375-83 |
| Hitti, Y S; Horseman, N D (1991) Structure of the gene encoding columbid annexin Icp35. Gene 103:185-92 |
| Horseman, N D (1990) Hormonal regulation of an avian annexin I gene. Biochem Soc Trans 18:1113-5 |
