The goal of this research is to study the biochemical processes involved in the adenylation of sulfate in E. coli K-12. Adenylated sulfate, or APS (adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate), is an obligate precursor in the biochemical assimilation of sulfate. The formation of APS is catalyzed by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase (ATP: sulfate adenyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.4) via reaction 1. ATP sulfurylase is ubiquitous in nature. Perhaps the most biomedically relevant role of adenylated sulfate in vertebrates is as the sulfuryl donor in sulfate transfer reactions. Sulfation is essential to the integrity of structural and connective tissues. Burgeoning research in the area of tyrosine sulfation has revealed subgroups of several protein classes, including extracellular proteins, hormones, neuropeptides, and proteins of the immune and blood clotting systems, which are sulfated at specific tyrosine residues. Decreased levels of APS have been correlated with limb deformity in mice, and with estrogen sulfation and the typing of primary breast tumors in man. A recently discovered protein (i.e. the effector) is required for stimulation of the forward rate of reaction 1. Interestingly, the effector has little or not influence on the rate of the reverse reaction. Thus, the effector presents an unusual form of metabolic regulation in that it can kinetically regulate the reversibility of the sulfate utilization pathway. Protein induced, unidirectional stimulation of enzyme activity is a somewhat rare phenomenon in biochemistry; characterization of the effector will serve as a paradigm for such processes. This project will purify, characterize, and clone the structural gene for the effector protein. Effector mediated alterations in the catalytic mechanism of ATP sulfurylase will be studied at the physical chemical, structure function level. The methods used in these studies will include steady state kinetics, single turnover kinetics, and nuclear and electron paramagnetic resonance.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK043003-04
Application #
3244241
Study Section
Biochemistry Study Section (BIO)
Project Start
1990-08-01
Project End
1995-07-31
Budget Start
1993-08-01
Budget End
1994-07-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1993
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
009095365
City
Bronx
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10461
Wang, R; Liu, C; Leyh, T S (1995) Allosteric regulation of the ATP sulfurylase associated GTPase. Biochemistry 34:490-5
Liu, C; Suo, Y; Leyh, T S (1994) The energetic linkage of GTP hydrolysis and the synthesis of activated sulfate. Biochemistry 33:7309-14
Liu, C; Martin, E; Leyh, T S (1994) GTPase activation of ATP sulfurylase: the mechanism. Biochemistry 33:2042-7
Schwedock, J S; Liu, C; Leyh, T S et al. (1994) Rhizobium meliloti NodP and NodQ form a multifunctional sulfate-activating complex requiring GTP for activity. J Bacteriol 176:7055-64
Leyh, T S; Vogt, T F; Suo, Y (1992) The DNA sequence of the sulfate activation locus from Escherichia coli K-12. J Biol Chem 267:10405-10
Leyh, T S; Suo, Y (1992) GTPase-mediated activation of ATP sulfurylase. J Biol Chem 267:542-5