Our experience over the last six years in the use of a Continuous Monitoring System (CGMS) in humans has identified a number of key issues which need to be resolved for the approach to be completely reliable. Two observation in particular warrant careful examination: 1) There can be a lag between the plasma and tissue glucose concentrations under certain conditions, and this can reduce the degree of correlation between these two sampling domains and 2) Interactions within the tissue and at the sensor/tissue interface may perturb sensor output, thus leading to misleading measurements. Thus it will be important to systematically characterize these variations under a variety of conditions typically faced by the diabetic patient. Glucose sensor function will be evaluated by developing sensors with multiple sensing elements capable of independently detecting glucose in different micro-anatomic locations and/or alternatively monitor oxygen and/or peroxide, key reactants and products, respectively, or the enzymatic reaction upon which sensor response is based. Once developed, these sensors will be employed in monocyte/microphage cell cultures and in the Anderson cage method for testing of biocompatibility. These studies will be used to optimize the sensor outer polymeric membrane composition. Sensor performance and interaction with the surrounding microenvironment will be evaluated over the short term in rats and over the long term in rabbits. Also important will be detailed studies of glucose kinetics designed to verify our """"""""push-pull"""""""" model. The question of insulin resistance as it affects the lag between plasma and tissue glucose will be examined in rats and in type 2 diabetic subjects. Glucose clamp studies will be employed to address the role of insulin in mediating glucose transport. Finally, improvements in the sensor and in the hardware and software will be incorporated into a miniaturized glucose monitoring system that will be tested in clinical studies in Year 3. These studies will include detection of nocturnal hypoglycemia and general evaluation of system performance.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK055297-02
Application #
2906378
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG7-SSS-8 (45))
Program Officer
Arreaza-Rubin, Guillermo
Project Start
1998-09-30
Project End
2001-09-29
Budget Start
1999-09-30
Budget End
2000-09-29
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1999
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kansas Lawrence
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
072933393
City
Lawrence
State
KS
Country
United States
Zip Code
66045
Gifford, Raeann; Kehoe, Joseph J; Barnes, Sandra L et al. (2006) Protein interactions with subcutaneously implanted biosensors. Biomaterials 27:2587-98
Gifford, Raeann; Batchelor, Melissa M; Lee, Youngmi et al. (2005) Mediation of in vivo glucose sensor inflammatory response via nitric oxide release. J Biomed Mater Res A 75:755-66
Chen, Xiaohong; Wilson, George S (2004) Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of surface sol-gel processes. Langmuir 20:8762-7
Choleau, C; Klein, J C; Reach, G et al. (2002) Calibration of a subcutaneous amperometric glucose sensor implanted for 7 days in diabetic patients. Part 2. Superiority of the one-point calibration method. Biosens Bioelectron 17:647-54
Choleau, C; Klein, J C; Reach, G et al. (2002) Calibration of a subcutaneous amperometric glucose sensor. Part 1. Effect of measurement uncertainties on the determination of sensor sensitivity and background current. Biosens Bioelectron 17:641-6
Choleau, Carine; Dokladal, Petr; Klein, Jean-Claude et al. (2002) Prevention of hypoglycemia using risk assessment with a continuous glucose monitoring system. Diabetes 51:3263-73
Chen, Xiaohong; Matsumoto, Norio; Hu, Yibai et al. (2002) Electrochemically mediated electrodeposition/electropolymerization to yield a glucose microbiosensor with improved characteristics. Anal Chem 74:368-72
Ward, W Kenneth; Slobodzian, Emily P; Tiekotter, Kenneth L et al. (2002) The effect of microgeometry, implant thickness and polyurethane chemistry on the foreign body response to subcutaneous implants. Biomaterials 23:4185-92
Chen, Xiaohong; Hu, Yibai; Wilson, George S (2002) Glucose microbiosensor based on alumina sol-gel matrix/electropolymerized composite membrane. Biosens Bioelectron 17:1005-13
Ward, W K; Wood, M D; Slobodzian, E P (2002) Continuous amperometric monitoring of subcutaneous oxygen in rabbit by telemetry. J Med Eng Technol 26:158-67

Showing the most recent 10 out of 16 publications