The 2010 National Health Objectives call for a reduction in the prevalence of obesity. The marked recent increase in overweight and obesity prevalence implicates behavioral factors in the etiology of the epidemic. The present proposal hypothesizes the trend is attributable, in part, to increasing consumption of energy yielding beverages since they are a significant and increasing source of dietary energy and they elicit weaker appetitive and dietary responses than solid foods. Three human studies are proposed to more fully characterize attributes of liquids and solids that may account for the differential appetitive responses they elicit, potential contributory mechanisms as well as the dietary implications of their consumption. Study 1 will contrast the acute effects of fluid and solid foods varying in macronutrient content on satiation, satiety and feeding. Study 2 will determine if the pattern of fluid and solid item ingestion influences satiety and feeding by monitoring appetitive and dietary responses to energy- and macronutrient-matched fluid and solid loads ingested as meal components or between meal """"""""snacks."""""""" To better assess the clinical implications of diets incorporating liquid or solid supplements, study 3 will entail chronic ingestion of matched energy-yielding fluid or solid loads with concurrent measurement of appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure and body weight/composition. Because carbohydrate is the predominant source of energy in beverages and contributes disproportionately to the increasing level of energy intake, our initial search for a mechanism underlying the differential responses to fluid and solid foods relates to carbohydrate metabolism. A critical review of the literature and pilot studies suggest the glucose, insulin, leptin, neuropeptide-Y cascade may be involved and will be targeted for evaluation as part of study 3. We also have evidence implicating cholecystokinin so, this peptide will be assessed. All studies will be conducted with lean and obese individuals to explore the possibility that weaker responses to fluids by the obese may be especially problematic for energy balance in this group. This novel hypothesis regarding a differential response to energy-yielding fluid and solid foods stems from a solid scientific literature and should yield new insights for management of one of the nations most serious public health problems.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK063185-02
Application #
6933908
Study Section
Nutrition Study Section (NTN)
Program Officer
Kuczmarski, Robert J
Project Start
2004-08-15
Project End
2008-07-31
Budget Start
2005-08-01
Budget End
2006-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$237,720
Indirect Cost
Name
Purdue University
Department
Nutrition
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
072051394
City
West Lafayette
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
47907
Dhillon, Jaapna; Lee, Janice Y; Mattes, Richard D (2017) The cephalic phase insulin response to nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners in solid and beverage form. Physiol Behav 181:100-109
Houchins, J A; Tan, S-Y; Campbell, W W et al. (2013) Effects of fruit and vegetable, consumed in solid vs beverage forms, on acute and chronic appetitive responses in lean and obese adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 37:1109-15
Houchins, Jenny A; Burgess, John R; Campbell, Wayne W et al. (2012) Beverage vs. solid fruits and vegetables: effects on energy intake and body weight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 20:1844-50
Mattes, R D; Shikany, J M; Kaiser, K A et al. (2011) Nutritively sweetened beverage consumption and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized experiments. Obes Rev 12:346-65
Mattes, Richard D (2010) Hunger and thirst: issues in measurement and prediction of eating and drinking. Physiol Behav 100:22-32
Chavez-Jauregui, Rosa N; Mattes, Richard D; Parks, Elizabeth J (2010) Dynamics of fat absorption and effect of sham feeding on postprandial lipema. Gastroenterology 139:1538-48
McKiernan, Fiona; Hollis, James H; McCabe, George P et al. (2009) Thirst-drinking, hunger-eating; tight coupling? J Am Diet Assoc 109:486-90
Mattes, Richard D; Popkin, Barry M (2009) Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 89:1-14
Mattes, Richard D; Campbell, Wayne W (2009) Effects of food form and timing of ingestion on appetite and energy intake in lean young adults and in young adults with obesity. J Am Diet Assoc 109:430-7
McKiernan, Fiona; Houchins, Jenny A; Mattes, Richard D (2008) Relationships between human thirst, hunger, drinking, and feeding. Physiol Behav 94:700-8

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