The overall goal of this proposal is to understand the calcium (Ca2+)-dependent stimulus-secretion coupling mechanisms that regulate beta-cell function in vivo from the perspectives of biophysics, physiology and molecular biology. This goal will be achieved by studying intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, mitochondrial function, glucose metabolism, and insulin secretion in mouse and human islets in which the beta-cells have been engineered specifically for functional imaging. Ca2+-dependent signal transduction mechanisms that regulate insulin secretion have been well-defined in vitro using intact islets, primary cultures of beta-cells, and insulinoma cells. Notwithstanding the important contributions of the in vitro approaches, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying beta-cell function in intact islets in vivo remains incomplete. Several technical limitations of the current imaging methodologies do not permit the study of beta-cell function within the complex multicellular environment of the pancreas in situ. The central focus of the experiments described in this proposal is to develop and characterize a novel imaging approach, which will facilitate the study of islet cell function in situ.
In Specific Aim 1, viral gene transfer vectors will be used to transduce mouse cells with genetically targeted biosynthetic fluorescent Ca 2+ sensors. Their effectiveness in studying a-cell biophysical and physiological responses following secretagogue stimulation will be evaluated.
In Specific Aim 2, the utility of these sensors as functional imaging indicators in intact mouse islets will be assessed.
In Specific Aim 3, beta-cells within intact human islets will be engineered to express Ca 2+ biosensors and human islet function studied in vitro with comparison to mouse islets.
In Specific Aim 4, transgenic mouse models in which the beta-cells have been genetically enhanced to express Ca 2+ biosensors will be developed and characterized in vitro and in vivo by confocal microfluorometry and by measurements of insulin secretion. The studies will provide new understanding of islet cell biology that will benefit clinical strategies to preserve and maintain functional beta-cell mass.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK063493-04
Application #
6928530
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-SRB (08))
Program Officer
Laughlin, Maren R
Project Start
2002-09-30
Project End
2009-03-31
Budget Start
2005-08-01
Budget End
2009-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$335,500
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Chicago
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005421136
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60637
Fridlyand, Leonid E; Philipson, Louis H (2016) Pancreatic Beta Cell G-Protein Coupled Receptors and Second Messenger Interactions: A Systems Biology Computational Analysis. PLoS One 11:e0152869
Fridlyand, Leonid E; Jacobson, David A; Philipson, L H (2013) Ion channels and regulation of insulin secretion in human ýý-cells: a computational systems analysis. Islets 5:1-15
Kaihara, Kelly A; Dickson, Lorna M; Jacobson, David A et al. (2013) ?-Cell-specific protein kinase A activation enhances the efficiency of glucose control by increasing acute-phase insulin secretion. Diabetes 62:1527-36
Fridlyand, Leonid E; Philipson, Louis H (2012) A computational systems analysis of factors regulating ýý cell glucagon secretion. Islets 4:262-83
Rajan, Sindhu; Torres, Jacqueline; Thompson, Michael S et al. (2012) SUMO downregulates GLP-1-stimulated cAMP generation and insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302:E714-23
Fridlyand, Leonid E; Philipson, Louis H (2011) Coupling of metabolic, second messenger pathways and insulin granule dynamics in pancreatic beta-cells: a computational analysis. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 107:293-303
Lopez, James P; Turner, Jerrold R; Philipson, Louis H (2010) Glucose-induced ERM protein activation and translocation regulates insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299:E772-85
Fridlyand, Leonid E; Philipson, Louis H (2010) Glucose sensing in the pancreatic beta cell: a computational systems analysis. Theor Biol Med Model 7:15
Fridlyand, L E; Tamarina, N; Philipson, L H (2010) Bursting and calcium oscillations in pancreatic beta-cells: specific pacemakers for specific mechanisms. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299:E517-32
Deriy, Ludmila V; Gomez, Erwin A; Jacobson, David A et al. (2009) The granular chloride channel ClC-3 is permissive for insulin secretion. Cell Metab 10:316-23

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