Surgical patients with critical disorders such as thermal injury, sever trauma, shock, and sepsis are commonly complicated with the gastrointestinal mucosal injury, which can lead to the development of systemic infection, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. Restitution is an important process for repair of disrupted intestinal lining. Previous studies have suggested that intestinal epithelial restitution is delayed in critically ill individuals. Our recent work has revealed that milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a macrophage-derived intestinal epithelial restitution factor. MFG-E8 promotes intestinal epithelial wound-healing via a PKC5 dependent manner. In sepsis, intestinal injury is associated with downregulation of MFG-E8, which contributes to the impairment of restitution. In this proposal, therefore, we will test a central hypothesis that under the physiological state, MFG-E8 maintains intestinal epithelial cell migration via a typical signal pathway, whereas under the septic condition, inflammatory mediators down-regulate MFG-E8 expression, which in turn impairs intestinal epithelial cell restitution.
In Specific Aim 1, we will define the molecular and signaling mechanism through which MFG-E8 enhances intestinal epithelial restitution. Our preliminary data suggest that MFG-E8 activates several PKC5-associated intracellular signal molecules. Therefore, we will investigate the role of these molecules in MFG-E8-induced intestinal epithelial cell migration using molecular biology and gene knockdown approaches.
In Specific Aim 2, we will focus on understanding the cause of down-regulation of intestinal MFG-E8 gene expression and impairment of MFG-E8-dependent intestinal restitution in sepsis. Our preliminary data suggest that a sepsis-derived inflammatory mediator mimics septic effect on intestinal MFG-E8 gene expression and restitution. Thus, we will test the hypothesis that this mediator inhibits intestinal MFG-E8 gene expression, which subsequently results in impairment of intestinal restitution.
In Specific Aim 3, we will investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of MFG-E8 expression in macrophages by septic insult-derived inflammatory stimulus. Our preliminary data show that repression of MFG-E8 gene expression by an inflammatory stimulus is involved in affecting the activities of promoter and mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of MFG-E8. To follow up on these findings, we will characterize binding motifs in the MFG-E8 gene promoter and their binding proteins, and study their role in suppression of MFG-E8 gene expression during inflammation. The standard approach for analysis of the gene promoter function will be applied. In addition, we will use the microRNA and site-directed mutagenesis technologies to study the role of 3'-UTR and microRNAs in regulation of MFG-E8 gene expression by an inflammatory stimulus. Achievement of these specific aims and confirmation of our hypotheses will provide the novel mechanistic information that allows us to understand the crucial role of MFG-E8 in the gut and its physio/pathological implications. Our studies will ultimately lead to development of novel strategies for management and treatment of intestinal injury in critically ill patients.

Public Health Relevance

Acute intestinal injury contributes to morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit and surgical department. However, despite the medical advances of the past few decades, there remain few effective treatments for this common disorder. Our recent findings demonstrate that milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) promotes repair of intestinal lining in sepsis. Achievement of aims of this proposal will not only provide the novel mechanistic information that allows us to understand the crucial role of MFG-E8 in the gut and its physio/pathological implications, but also are likely to suggest novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving intestinal barrier function for critically ill patients.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK064240-07
Application #
8101864
Study Section
Surgery, Anesthesiology and Trauma Study Section (SAT)
Program Officer
Hamilton, Frank A
Project Start
2003-04-01
Project End
2015-06-30
Budget Start
2011-07-01
Budget End
2012-06-30
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$301,612
Indirect Cost
Name
Children's Memorial Hospital (Chicago)
Department
Type
DUNS #
074438755
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60611
Geng, Hua; Bu, Heng-Fu; Liu, Fangyi et al. (2018) In Inflamed Intestinal Tissues and Epithelial Cells, Interleukin 22 Signaling Increases Expression of H19 Long Noncoding RNA, Which Promotes Mucosal Regeneration. Gastroenterology 155:144-155
Liu, Xin; Hong, Xiumei; Tsai, Hui-Ju et al. (2018) Genome-wide association study of maternal genetic effects and parent-of-origin effects on food allergy. Medicine (Baltimore) 97:e0043
Bowker, Rakhee M; Yan, Xiaocai; Managlia, Elizabeth et al. (2018) Dimethyloxalylglycine preserves the intestinal microvasculature and protects against intestinal injury in a neonatal mouse NEC model: role of VEGF signaling. Pediatr Res 83:545-553
Liu, Fangyi; Bu, Heng-Fu; Geng, Hua et al. (2017) Sirtuin-6 preserves R-spondin-1 expression and increases resistance of intestinal epithelium to injury in mice. Mol Med 23:272-284
Wang, Xiao; Hao, Liangliang; Bu, Heng-Fu et al. (2016) Spherical nucleic acid targeting microRNA-99b enhances intestinal MFG-E8 gene expression and restores enterocyte migration in lipopolysaccharide-induced septic mice. Sci Rep 6:31687
Yan, Xiaocai; Managlia, Elizabeth; Liu, Shirley Xl et al. (2016) Lack of VEGFR2 signaling causes maldevelopment of the intestinal microvasculature and facilitates necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 310:G716-25
Geng, Hua; Tan, Xiao-Di (2016) Functional diversity of long non-coding RNAs in immune regulation. Genes Dis 3:72-81
Wang, Xiao; Bu, Heng-Fu; Liu, Shirley X L et al. (2015) Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of the MFG-E8 Gene Promoter Activity in Physiological and Inflammatory Conditions. J Cell Biochem 116:1867-79
Sabnis, Animesh; Carrasco, Rosa; Liu, Shirley X L et al. (2015) Intestinal vascular endothelial growth factor is decreased in necrotizing enterocolitis. Neonatology 107:191-8
Asai, Akihiro; Chou, Pauline M; Bu, Heng-Fu et al. (2014) Dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from susceptibility of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 306:G496-504

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