ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple cell metabolism to membrane excitability and are critical for many physiological functions. They are unique membrane protein complexes formed by four inwardly rectifying K+ channel (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) subunits and four sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1 or SUR2) subunits. This grant is focused on KATP channels consisting of Kir6.2 and SUR1, which have a key role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic ?-cells. Loss-of-function mutations in these channels cause congenital hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia, whereas gain-of-function mutations cause neonatal diabetes and in severe cases DEND (Developmental delay, Epilepsy, and Neonatal Diabetes) syndrome. In addition, KATP gene polymorphisms increase risk for type 2 diabetes. Our long-term goal is to understand the structure-function relationship of KATP channels in order to develop mechanism-based therapies for disease caused by KATP dysfunction. Over the past three funding cycles, we have made significant progress towards this goal. Most particularly, using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) we recently obtained high-resolution structures of the channel bound with the physiological inhibitor ATP and the anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (glyburide). This opened a new chapter for the field, enabling us to understand the structural basis of KATP channel assembly and gating in health and disease, at near atomic detail and in the context of full channel structure. Our group is uniquely positioned to help lead this effort by integrating our cryoEM capability with the extensive molecular, biochemical, and biophysical tools and knowledge we have amassed over the course of this grant. In this renewal application, we propose to tackle the most important yet challenging problems remaining in the field. Our overarching hypothesis is that SUR1 assembles with and regulates the function of Kir6.2 through specific structural interactions that are regulated by physiological and pharmacological ligands. We will use a combination of structural, molecular dynamics simulation and functional approaches to test the hypothesis in three interwoven but independent Specific Aims. (1) Elucidate KATP channel assembly mechanisms guided by our cryoEM structures. (2) Identify and monitor interactions between SUR1, Kir6.2, and ligands that are critical for channel opening and closure to understand the structural mechanisms governing channel gating. (3) Determine open state structures of KATP channels by cryoEM to understand the conformational transition during gating. The proposal has a strong scientific premise built on our rigorous preliminary and published studies as well as a careful review of the literature. The proposal is innovative as it will generate new structures and test conceptually novel mechanistic hypotheses on channel gating and assembly emanated from the recent cryoEM structures. Successful outcome will have significant impact on advancing our structural knowledge of channel regulation to facilitate mechanistic drug design for disease caused by KATP channel dysfunction. Further, the outcome will have broad implications for many other ABC transporters and ion channels important for human health.

Public Health Relevance

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in pancreatic ?-cells couple glucose metabolism to insulin secretion; dysfunction of these channels underlies a number of human diseases including neonatal diabetes, congenital hyperinsulinism, DEND syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The goal of this project is to understand the structural mechanisms governing the formation and activity of KATP channels in health and disease in order to design better drugs to treat diseases caused by channel dysfunction.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01DK066485-13
Application #
9914800
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Sato, Sheryl M
Project Start
2020-02-07
Project End
2025-01-31
Budget Start
2020-02-07
Budget End
2021-01-31
Support Year
13
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Oregon Health and Science University
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
096997515
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97239
Kandasamy, Balamurugan; Shyng, Show-Ling (2018) Methods for Characterizing Disease-Associated ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Mutations. Methods Mol Biol 1684:85-104
Devaraneni, Prasanna; Rex, Emily A; Shyng, Show-Ling (2018) Probing Subunits Interactions in KATP Channels Using Photo-Crosslinking via Genetically Encoded p-Azido-L-phenylalanine. Methods Mol Biol 1684:51-61
Martin, Gregory M; Kandasamy, Balamurugan; DiMaio, Frank et al. (2017) Anti-diabetic drug binding site in a mammalian KATP channel revealed by Cryo-EM. Elife 6:
Martin, Gregory M; Yoshioka, Craig; Rex, Emily A et al. (2017) Cryo-EM structure of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel illuminates mechanisms of assembly and gating. Elife 6:
Shyng, Show-Ling (2017) Targeting the Gut Microbiota-FXR Signaling Axis for Glycemic Control: Does a Dietary Supplement Work Magic? Diabetes 66:571-573
Martin, Gregory M; Rex, Emily A; Devaraneni, Prasanna et al. (2016) Pharmacological Correction of Trafficking Defects in ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels Caused by Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 Mutations. J Biol Chem 291:21971-21983
Saint-Martin, C; Zhou, Q; Martin, G M et al. (2015) Monoallelic ABCC8 mutations are a common cause of diazoxide-unresponsive diffuse form of congenital hyperinsulinism. Clin Genet 87:448-54
Devaraneni, Prasanna K; Martin, Gregory M; Olson, Erik M et al. (2015) Structurally distinct ligands rescue biogenesis defects of the KATP channel complex via a converging mechanism. J Biol Chem 290:7980-91
Zhou, Qing; Chen, Pei-Chun; Devaraneni, Prasanna K et al. (2014) Carbamazepine inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channel activity by disrupting channel response to MgADP. Channels (Austin) 8:376-82
Zhou, Qing; Chen, Pei-Chun; Devaraneni, Prasanna K et al. (2014) Carbamazepine inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channel activity by disrupting channel response to MgADP. Channels (Austin) 8:376-82

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