Homeostatic mechanisms in mammals function to maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow range in response to hormones and nutrients. Glucose homeostasis is highly dysregulated in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes as well as in dietary manipulations such as caloric restriction (CR). CR extends life span and causes many changes in glucose metabolism similar to fasting. However, how the metabolism of glucose might be connected to aging is largely unknown. One key component of glucose homeostasis in mammals is the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha that controls glucose production in liver. Studies in yeast and worms have identified a Sir2 histone deacetylase protein as a possible link between caloric restriction and life span. Importantly, we have preliminary data showing that SIRT1 (mammalian Sir2 homolog) is regulated by insulin in hepatocytes. SIRT1 interacts with and deacetylates PGC-1alpha at specific lysine residues in an NAD+ dependent manner. In addition, in cultured hepatocytes SIRT1 regulates gluconeogenic/glycolytic genes and hepatic glucose output through PGC-lalpha. This application contains three large aims. First, we will identify the mechanisms of how insulinregulates SIRT1. Second, we will perform a detailed biochemical and cellular analysis of the physical and functional interaction between PGC-1alpha and SIRT1. We will focus on the regulatory mechanisms of SIRT1 on PGC-1alpha function on hepatic glucose metabolic genes. Finally, to bring the PGC-1alpha /SIRT1 mechanistic and cellular studies to the animal level we will perform a glucose-related gene expression and metabolic analysis using adenoviral delivery to the liver of mice. Taken together, the findings of these studies will allow us to identify the molecular mechanism by which two important regulated transcriptional components, PGC-1alpha and SIRT1 control glucose homeostasis in response to CR signals such as insulin. Understanding of these metabolically regulated molecular events could be used for anti-obesity, diabetes or aging drug development. These findings have strong implications for the basic pathways of energy homeostasis, diabetes and lifespan.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DK069966-01A1
Application #
6986370
Study Section
Integrative Physiology of Obesity and Diabetes Study Section (IPOD)
Program Officer
Margolis, Ronald N
Project Start
2005-07-15
Project End
2010-06-30
Budget Start
2005-07-15
Budget End
2006-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2005
Total Cost
$301,550
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
Sharabi, Kfir; Lin, Hua; Tavares, Clint D J et al. (2017) Selective Chemical Inhibition of PGC-1? Gluconeogenic Activity Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes. Cell 169:148-160.e15
Rines, Amy K; Sharabi, Kfir; Tavares, Clint D J et al. (2016) Targeting hepatic glucose metabolism in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 15:786-804
Sharabi, Kfir; Tavares, Clint D J; Rines, Amy K et al. (2015) Molecular pathophysiology of hepatic glucose production. Mol Aspects Med 46:21-33
Kraus, Daniel; Yang, Qin; Kong, Dong et al. (2014) Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase knockdown protects against diet-induced obesity. Nature 508:258-62
Lee, Yoonjin; Dominy, John E; Choi, Yoon Jong et al. (2014) Cyclin D1-Cdk4 controls glucose metabolism independently of cell cycle progression. Nature 510:547-51
Dominy, John E; Puigserver, Pere (2013) Mitochondrial biogenesis through activation of nuclear signaling proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 5:
Hall, Jessica A; Dominy, John E; Lee, Yoonjin et al. (2013) The sirtuin family's role in aging and age-associated pathologies. J Clin Invest 123:973-9
Dominy, John; Puigserver, Pere; Cantó, Carles (2013) In vivo measurement of the acetylation state of sirtuin substrates as a proxy for sirtuin activity. Methods Mol Biol 1077:217-37
Lim, Ji-Hong; Gerhart-Hines, Zachary; Dominy, John E et al. (2013) Oleic acid stimulates complete oxidation of fatty acids through protein kinase A-dependent activation of SIRT1-PGC1? complex. J Biol Chem 288:7117-26
Dominy Jr, John E; Lee, Yoonjin; Jedrychowski, Mark P et al. (2012) The deacetylase Sirt6 activates the acetyltransferase GCN5 and suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis. Mol Cell 48:900-13

Showing the most recent 10 out of 25 publications