Both type 1 and 2 diabetes are caused by inadequate insulin secretion, and in both diseases this can be ascribed in large part to loss of pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. Both diseases can be cured by replacement of pancreatic beta cells by pancreas transplantation but this requires life long immunosuppression and there are far fewer organ donors than people with diabetes. An alternative approach to restoring pancreatic beta cells is to foster regeneration of beta cells in the patient. Is this plausible? In rodents yes, but human beta cell biology is clearly different to that in rodents. The studies proposed in this application would address the question, to what extent is beta cell regeneration feasible in humans? This goal will be approached by addressing four Specific Aims. First, we will establish the extent (and by what mechanisms) beta cell mass increases in human childhood. Second, we will establish the extent (and by what mechanisms) beta cell mass increases in response to obesity in humans. Third, we will establish if beta cell mass is maintained in non diabetic aging humans, and if so by what mechanisms. Fourth, we examine the ability of cord blood stem cells to transdifferentiate into beta cells in humans (since this approach is already in clinical trials). To accomplish these goals we will obtain well preserved human pancreas at autopsy in patients in who a recent ambulatory general medical examination (and labs) is available. We will apply a recently developed model to compute beta cell turnover permitting us to quantify beta cell turnover, and distinguish between new beta cell formation from beta cell replication and replication independent sources. These studies would be undertaken by a consortium with a long established track record of productive research with these resources.
| Butler, Alexandra E; Sacks, Wendy; Rizza, Robert A et al. (2017) Down Syndrome-Associated Diabetes Is Not Due To a Congenital Deficiency in ? Cells. J Endocr Soc 1:39-45 |
| Moin, Abu Saleh Md; Butler, Peter C; Butler, Alexandra E (2017) Increased Proliferation of the Pancreatic Duct Gland Compartment in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102:200-209 |
| Md Moin, Abu Saleh; Cory, Megan; Ong, Allison et al. (2017) Pancreatic Nonhormone Expressing Endocrine Cells in Children With Type 1 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 1:385-395 |
| Schludi, Belinda; Moin, Abu Saleh Md; Montemurro, Chiara et al. (2017) Islet inflammation and ductal proliferation may be linked to increased pancreatitis risk in type 2 diabetes. JCI Insight 2: |
| Montemurro, Chiara; Vadrevu, Suryakiran; Gurlo, Tatyana et al. (2017) Cell cycle-related metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics in a replication-competent pancreatic beta-cell line. Cell Cycle 16:2086-2099 |
| Butler, Alexandra E; Dhawan, Sangeeta; Hoang, Jonathan et al. (2016) ?-Cell Deficit in Obese Type 2 Diabetes, a Minor Role of ?-Cell Dedifferentiation and Degranulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:523-32 |
| Butler, Alexandra E; Matveyenko, Aleksey V; Kirakossian, David et al. (2016) Recovery of high-quality RNA from laser capture microdissected human and rodent pancreas. J Histotechnol 39:59-65 |
| Gurlo, Tatyana; Butler, Peter C; Butler, Alexandra E (2016) Evaluation of immunohistochemical staining for glucagon in human pancreatic tissue. J Histotechnol 39:8-16 |
| Md Moin, Abu Saleh; Dhawan, Sangeeta; Cory, Megan et al. (2016) Increased Frequency of Hormone Negative and Polyhormonal Endocrine Cells in Lean Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:3628-3636 |
| Md Moin, Abu Saleh; Dhawan, Sangeeta; Shieh, Christine et al. (2016) Increased Hormone-Negative Endocrine Cells in the Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:3487-96 |
Showing the most recent 10 out of 31 publications
