Acute pancreatitis is a common, life-threatening disorder of the pancreas. Abnormal acinar cell Ca2+ signals play a crucial role in initiating this disease. We have previously shown that abnormally elevated Ca2+ signals in the basal region are associated with pathologic intra-acinar protease activation, an early and critical event in the development of pancreatitis. This Ca2+ signal is mediated by an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ channel, the ryanodine receptor (RyR). In this proposal, we examine mechanisms that regulate this pathologic RyR Ca2+ release in the acinar cell. We have shown that increasing cAMP in acinar cells causes RyR phosphorylation, RyR Ca2+ release, and enhanced protease activation1, 2. In preliminary work, we demonstrate that alcohol, a leading cause of pancreatitis, triggers cAMP-mediated RyR phosphorylation as well as RyR Ca2+ release and enhanced protease activation. Therefore, we hypothesize that intra-acinar protease activation and pancreatitis, particularly that induced by alcohol exposure, are triggered by release of acinar cell Ca2+ from pathologically activated, phosphorylated RyRs. In this proposal, using a combination of novel genetic and pharmacologic tools, we will, in the presence or absence of alcohol, pursue the following Specific Aims: (1) Examine whether RyR phosphorylation causes RyR Ca2+ release in isolated acini (2) Study whether RyR phosphorylation and RyR Ca2+ release predispose to protease activation in isolated acini (3) Determine whether RyR phosphorylation and RyR Ca2+ release predispose to protease activation and pancreatitis in vivo. The effects of phosphorylation on RyR sites thought to mediate PKA-dependent RyR Ca2+ release will be directly tested using previously generated transgenic mice that harbor phospho-mimetic or phospho-resistant mutations in the RyR PKA phosphorylation site. It is anticipated that these studies on the role of the RyR in pathologic protease activation and pancreatitis will (1) lead to improved understanding of aberrant Ca2+ signaling in pancreatitis, (2) provide a novel link between alcohol and RyR Ca2+ release that may have broader implications for mechanisms contributing to alcohol's complications in multiple other organ systems, and (3) suggest treatment strategies that target the RyR in the pancreas.

Public Health Relevance

Acute pancreatitis is a life-threatening and painful disease of the pancreas that starts with auto-digestion by its own digestive enzymes. Alcoholic disease is a leading cause of this disease. Calcium signals within the pancreas are required for this pathologic digestion, and thus our studies are focused on understanding the role of abnormal release of calcium through a protein calcium channel called the ryanodine receptor in the development of auto-digestion and resultant pancreatitis, in particular vis-`-vis alcohol exposure.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK083327-02
Application #
7849729
Study Section
Clinical and Integrative Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Study Section (CIGP)
Program Officer
Serrano, Jose
Project Start
2009-06-01
Project End
2014-05-31
Budget Start
2010-06-01
Budget End
2011-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$353,905
Indirect Cost
Name
Yale University
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
Le, Tianming; Eisses, John F; Lemon, Kathryn L et al. (2015) Intraductal infusion of taurocholate followed by distal common bile duct ligation leads to a severe necrotic model of pancreatitis in mice. Pancreas 44:493-9
Orabi, Abrahim I; Sah, Swati; Javed, Tanveer A et al. (2015) Dynamic imaging of pancreatic nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) activation in live mice using adeno-associated virus (AAV) infusion and bioluminescence. J Biol Chem 290:11309-20
Eisses, John F; Criscimanna, Angela; Dionise, Zachary R et al. (2015) Valproic Acid Limits Pancreatic Recovery after Pancreatitis by Inhibiting Histone Deacetylases and Preventing Acinar Redifferentiation Programs. Am J Pathol 185:3304-15
Jin, Shunqian; Orabi, Abrahim I; Le, Tianming et al. (2015) Exposure to Radiocontrast Agents Induces Pancreatic Inflammation by Activation of Nuclear Factor-?B, Calcium Signaling, and Calcineurin. Gastroenterology 149:753-64.e11
Eisses, John F; Davis, Amy W; Tosun, Akif Burak et al. (2014) A computer-based automated algorithm for assessing acinar cell loss after experimental pancreatitis. PLoS One 9:e110220
Paredes, Jose L; Orabi, Abrahim I; Ahmad, Taimur et al. (2014) A non-invasive method of quantifying pancreatic volume in mice using micro-MRI. PLoS One 9:e92263
Lewarchik, Christopher M; Orabi, Abrahim I; Jin, Shunqian et al. (2014) The ryanodine receptor is expressed in human pancreatic acinar cells and contributes to acinar cell injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307:G574-81
Reed, Anamika M; Kolodecik, Thomas; Husain, Sohail Z et al. (2014) Low pH enhances connexin32 degradation in the pancreatic acinar cell. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307:G24-32
Orabi, Abrahim I; Muili, Kamaldeen A; Wang, Dong et al. (2013) Preparation of pancreatic acinar cells for the purpose of calcium imaging, cell injury measurements, and adenoviral infection. J Vis Exp :e50391
Raizner, Aileen; Phatak, Uma Padhye; Baker, Kenneth et al. (2013) Acute necrotizing pancreatitis in children. J Pediatr 162:788-92

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