Recent biochemical and genetic evidence provides strong support that obesity and related metabolic disorders develop from defects in mitochondrial function. These defects produce excess cellular oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). One mechanism that appears to improve outcomes in metabolic disorders is mitochondrial proton leak, i.e., the uncoupling of energy production from respiration in the mitochondria. Mild uncoupling in mitochondrial respiration mediated by uncoupling proteins (UCPs) has been reported to decrease fat storage and ROS production in animals and favorably modifies insulin sensitivity. Using 18 unrelated wild-type inbred lines of D. melanogaster, we have shown that naturally occurring genetic variation affects inter-individual variability in mitochondrial state 4 respiration rates (e.g. basal proton leak) in skeletal muscles. We have also shown that variation in mitochondrial state 4 respiration rates in skeletal muscles is negatively correlated with variation in fat storage. This implies that some genotypes have higher mitochondrial coupling efficiency and store higher quantities of fat while other genotypes have lower coupling efficiency and require more energy for maintaining their mitochondrial electrochemical gradient. These observations raise the important question of why variation in mitochondrial proton leak (e.g. metabolic inefficiency) is evolutionary conserved in natural populations. We speculate that the trade-off between mitochondrial state 4 respiration and fat storage observed in our preliminary studies is a reflection of the allocation of finite resources between competing organismal functions. Our hypothesis is that while individuals with efficient mitochondrial coupling can successfully use their fat storage for reproduction and for coping with environmental challenges, such as fighting infection, those with less coupling efficiency will need to use more energy for maintaining their mitochondrial electrochemical gradient at the expense of other organismal functions. However, mitochondrial basal proton leak may decrease ROS generation and, therefore, protect against cellular degeneration and aging.
The Specific Aims of this project are to: (1) Perform a genome-wide association scan to map genetic variants affecting naturally occurring variation in muscle-specific mitochondrial bioenergetics, ROS production, energy metabolism traits, food intake, innate immune response, and female fecundity. (2) Determine the gene co-expression network regulating mitochondrial bioenergetic traits in young flies (3-5 days old). (3) Verify whether 10 of the """"""""hub genes"""""""" identified by the analyses performed in Aim 2 are responsible for the coordinated regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and also impact whole-organism energy homeostasis and life-history traits. (4) Investigate whether genetic variants in human orthologs of the 10 Drosophila candidate genes identified in the previous aims are associated with phenotypic variation in human obesity and related metabolic outcomes. These studies will provide new insights into the genetic basis of mitochondrial coupling efficiency as it relates to metabolic, immune response and life-history traits.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed study has been designed to identify the regulatory genes that control inter-individual variability in skeletal muscle-specific mitochondrial coupling efficiency, whole-body energy metabolism, immunocompetence, and organismal life-history traits. These genetic pathways will be identified by integrating genetic and expression network analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. Using this information, human population-based association studies will be performed to investigate the effect of natural variation in the identified regulatory genes on quantitative traits associated with the metabolic syndrome.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK084219-02
Application #
8061951
Study Section
Genetic Variation and Evolution Study Section (GVE)
Program Officer
Mckeon, Catherine T
Project Start
2010-05-01
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2011-05-01
Budget End
2012-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$316,277
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Nutrition
Type
Schools of Allied Health Profes
DUNS #
063690705
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
De Luca, Maria (2018) The role of the cell-matrix interface in aging and its interaction with the renin-angiotensin system in the aged vasculature. Mech Ageing Dev :
Hughes, Kimberly A; Leips, Jeff (2017) Pleiotropy, constraint, and modularity in the evolution of life histories: insights from genomic analyses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1389:76-91
Eveland, Matthew; Brokamp, Gabrielle A; Lue, Chia-Hua et al. (2016) Knockdown expression of Syndecan in the fat body impacts nutrient metabolism and the organismal response to environmental stresses in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 477:103-8
Otali, D; Novak, R J; Wan, W et al. (2014) Increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and reduced adult life span in an insecticide-resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae. Bull Entomol Res 104:323-33
Horn, Lucas; Leips, Jeff; Starz-Gaiano, Michelle (2014) Phagocytic ability declines with age in adult Drosophila hemocytes. Aging Cell 13:719-28
Durham, Mary F; Magwire, Michael M; Stone, Eric A et al. (2014) Genome-wide analysis in Drosophila reveals age-specific effects of SNPs on fitness traits. Nat Commun 5:4338
Felix, Tashauna M; Hughes, Kimberly A; Stone, Eric A et al. (2012) Age-specific variation in immune response in Drosophila melanogaster has a genetic basis. Genetics 191:989-1002
Jumbo-Lucioni, Patricia; Bu, Su; Harbison, Susan T et al. (2012) Nuclear genomic control of naturally occurring variation in mitochondrial function in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Genomics 13:659
De Luca, Maria; Chandler-Laney, Paula C; Wiener, Howard et al. (2012) Common variants in the LAMA5 gene associate with fasting plasma glucose and serum triglyceride levels in a cohort of pre-and early pubertal children. J Pediatr Genet 1:
De Luca, Maria; Crocco, Paolina; Wiener, Howard et al. (2011) Association of a common LAMA5 variant with anthropometric and metabolic traits in an Italian cohort of healthy elderly subjects. Exp Gerontol 46:60-4

Showing the most recent 10 out of 12 publications