Mucosal immune tolerance to luminal microbes is a highly regulated process a lack of which leads to chronic inflammation of the GI tract. H. pylori is a gastric pathogen able to cause severe chronic gastritis and ulcers in <15% of infected individuals, but the majority developed a mild gastritis without symptoms. The long-term objective of this proposal is to understand the mechanisms of mucosal tolerance in the stomach. We will build on our observations made during the K08 funding period studying the dendritic cells (DCs)-mediated mechanism of H. pylori immune escape and use the H. pylori colonization model to study gastric mucosal tolerance. Our preliminary results support the notion that Hp induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is mediated by DCs. Therefore, we hypothesize that H. pylori triggers a host tolerogenic response by interacting with DCs via a IRAK-M-mediated, TGF-2-dependent mechanism which alters the H. pylori Teffector/Treg balance leading to the development of host tolerance to H. pylori and chronic colonization.
The specific aims are:
Aim 1) To Determine the role of tissue DCs in H. pylori tolerance. DC subset in the stomach will be characterized during acute H. pylori infection and mechanism of H. pylori uptake and lymph node migration by DC will be elucidated. The requirement of DCs in H. pylori uptake and tolerance induction will be studied using DC ablation.
Aim 2) Investigate the role of DC TLR and intracellular modulators of tolerogenic DC programming. First we will determine whether H. pylori stimulated DCs induce Tregs requires immunogenic H. pylori. Next, the role of IRAK-M in Treg induction will be explored. The role of TLR9 will also be explored using H. pylori DNA stimulation and TLR9 null mice.
Aim 3) To analyze the role of DC-Treg induction in modulating H. pylori tolerance. We will use in vivo adoptive transfer of H. pylori-stimulated BMDCs into mice to induce H. pylori- specific Tregs and then use CD25 neutralizing antibodies to study the effect of Treg depletion on H. pylori tolerance. The role of Th1 and Th17 cells in H. pylori tolerance will be studied using IFN-3 and Th17A null mice. The effect of modulation TGF-2 on Treg induction by H. pylori stimulated DCs will be studies using cell lines over-expressing TGF-2 or produces a TGF-2 receptor that neutralizes DCs in the microenvironment. The health relatedness of this proposal is to understand the mechanism of mucosal tolerance to H. pylori to begin to address the factors that lead to reduced tolerance. The finding of this project will provide not only provide novel insight into the mechanism of mucosal tolerance to luminal bacteria, but also enhance our understanding of the development of tolerance in the gastric immune compartment. New targets may be discovered useful for designing therapies to restored immune homeostasis in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions by targeting DCs regulatory mechanisms or by using bacterial products (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics).

Public Health Relevance

The health relatedness of this proposal is to understand the mechanism of mucosal tolerance in order to begin to address the factors that lead to a break in tolerance. The finding of this project will provide not only provide novel insight into the mechanism of mucosal tolerance to luminal bacteria, but also enhance our understanding of the development of tolerance in the gastric immune compartment. New targets may be discovered useful for designing therapies to restored immune homeostasis in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions by targeting DCs regulatory mechanisms or by using bacterial products (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics).

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK087708-02
Application #
8220843
Study Section
Gastrointestinal Mucosal Pathobiology Study Section (GMPB)
Program Officer
Hamilton, Frank A
Project Start
2011-02-04
Project End
2016-01-31
Budget Start
2012-02-01
Budget End
2013-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$384,077
Indirect Cost
$137,082
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
El-Zaatari, Mohamad; Bass, Adam J; Bowlby, Reanne et al. (2018) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1, Increased in Human Gastric Pre-Neoplasia, Promotes Inflammation and Metaplasia in Mice and Is Associated With Type II Hypersensitivity/Autoimmunity. Gastroenterology 154:140-153.e17
Collins, Kieran D; Hu, Shuai; Grasberger, Helmut et al. (2018) Chemotaxis allows bacteria to overcome host-generated reactive oxygen species that constrain gland colonization. Infect Immun :
Sun, Xia; Zhang, Min; El-Zaatari, Mohamad et al. (2017) CCR2 mediates Helicobacter pylori-induced immune tolerance and contributes to mucosal homeostasis. Helicobacter 22:
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Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko; Shreiner, Andrew B; Gillilland 3rd, Merritt G et al. (2016) Functional Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Gut Dysbiosis in Gnotobiotic Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2:468-481
Bimczok, D; Kao, J Y; Zhang, M et al. (2015) Human gastric epithelial cells contribute to gastric immune regulation by providing retinoic acid to dendritic cells. Mucosal Immunol 8:533-44
Grasberger, Helmut; Gao, Jun; Nagao-Kitamoto, Hiroko et al. (2015) Increased Expression of DUOX2 Is an Epithelial Response to Mucosal Dysbiosis Required for Immune Homeostasis in Mouse Intestine. Gastroenterology 149:1849-59
Shreiner, Andrew B; Kao, John Y; Young, Vincent B (2015) The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 31:69-75
Yang, Jyh-Chin; Lin, Chun-Jung; Wang, Hong-Long et al. (2015) High-dose dual therapy is superior to standard first-line or rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13:895-905.e5
Chang, Yu-Ming; El-Zaatari, Mohamad; Kao, John Y (2014) Does stress induce bowel dysfunction? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:583-5

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