Significance: The care and outcome of the patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on chronic hemodialy- sis is directly dependent on their hemodialysis access. Regional and national indicators promote the placement of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). However, there are numerous complications of AVF, with cephalic arch stenosis (CAS) one of the leading causes of access failure in patients with a brachiocephalic fistula (BCF). Objectives: The long-term goal is to develop methods and procedures that will improve dialysis access by improving the patency of BCF and reducing the number of post-fistula procedures required to maintain such access. The immediate goal is to determine the factors that lead to the development of CAS in ESRD patients with BCF. A better understanding of these factors will 1) guide alternative designs for BCF that minimize risk of CAS, 2) guide clinical management to minimize the risk of hemodynamic parameters causing CAS, 3) establish a surveillance protocol to detect early signs of CAS or changes in hemodynamic parameters that would foster CAS, and 4) identify patients for whom BCF would not be ideal. Methods: Using a combined clinical and computational investigation, a means of predicting the risk of CAS in patients with planned fistula access is sought. Patients with ESRD requiring BCF access will be enrolled by written consent with baseline and then protocol venograms and Dopplers done at approximately 12 month intervals up to 36 months. Hemodynamic parameters (HDP) will be obtained using computational fluid dynam- ics (CFD) to determine which correlate with the development of CAS. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated in carrying out the preliminary studies. The results of the study will be interpreted by comparing wall shear stress (WSS), and other HDP, and geometry between those that do, and do not, develop CAS using life table and regression analysis. Other co-variates that will be analyzed include diabetes, age, sex, type and characteristics of anastomosis.
The specific aims are:
Aim 1 : Observe a cohort of BCF subjects over time with protocol venograms and Dopplers and calculate WSS, along with other HDP, using CFD in order to perform a life table analysis to estimate the effect of WSS on time to CAS. Because diabetes may affect this outcome, diabetic and non-diabetic patients will be studied. The large-scale prospective study will be augmented by a small-scale sub study involving a subset of the larger cohort. These patients will be subject to more detailed imaging and CFD in order to elucidate the mechanisms leading to IH and venous remodeling in the cephalic arch. The prospective design of the trial with arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) placement will allow cephalic vein tissue samples to be saved for pathologic review of histology and assay for cytokines and growth factors in a subsequent study.
Aim 2 : In the same subjects as Aim 1, measure venous radius and cephalic arch angle over time and derive predictive functions of time, inlet pressure, anastomosis type, and initial arch angle.

Public Health Relevance

While arteriovenous fistulae provide the best hemodialysis access available, the failure rate is unacceptably high and contributes to billions of dollars spent annually to place and maintain access for end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Regional and national agencies are greatly concerned that fistulae rates across the nation are dropping, contributing to poor outcomes and additional expense. Through a combined clinical and computational approach, this research will target a patient population having very poor outcomes with the immediate goal of improving understanding of factors that cause access failure and the long-term goal of developing improved clinical management protocols for ESRD patients on hemodialysis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK090769-04
Application #
8667430
Study Section
Clinical and Integrative Cardiovascular Sciences Study Section (CICS)
Program Officer
Kusek, John W
Project Start
2011-09-01
Project End
2016-05-31
Budget Start
2014-06-01
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$570,387
Indirect Cost
$87,886
Name
University of Chicago
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005421136
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60637
Shah, Vipuj; Navuluri, Rakesh; Becker, Yolanda et al. (2018) A Report of Two Cases of Hazards Associated with High Flow Arteriovenous Fistula in ESRD Patients. Case Rep Nephrol 2018:1686135
Javid Mahmoudzadeh Akherat, S M; Cassel, Kevin; Boghosian, Michael et al. (2017) A Predictive Framework to Elucidate Venous Stenosis: CFD & Shape Optimization. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 321:46-69
Javid Mahmoudzadeh Akherat, S M; Cassel, Kevin; Boghosian, Michael et al. (2017) Are Non-Newtonian Effects Important in Hemodynamic Simulations of Patients With Autogenous Fistula? J Biomech Eng 139:
Hammes, Mary; McGill, Rita; Dhar, Promila et al. (2017) Asymmetric Dimethylarginine does not Predict Early Access Events in Hemodialysis Patients with Brachiocephalic Fistula Access. Int J Nephrol Kidney Fail 3:
Boghosian, M E; Cassel, K W (2016) On the Origins of Vortex Shedding in Two-dimensional Incompressible Flows. Theor Comput Fluid Dyn 30:511-527
Hammes, Mary; Boghosian, Michael; Cassel, Kevin et al. (2016) Increased Inlet Blood Flow Velocity Predicts Low Wall Shear Stress in the Cephalic Arch of Patients with Brachiocephalic Fistula Access. PLoS One 11:e0152873
Hammes, Mary S; Watson, Sydeaka; Coe, Frederic L et al. (2015) Asymmetric dimethylarginine and whole blood viscosity in renal failure. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 59:245-55
Hammes, Mary (2015) Hemodynamic and biologic determinates of arteriovenous fistula outcomes in renal failure patients. Biomed Res Int 2015:171674
Hammes, Mary; Desai, Amishi; Pasupneti, Shravani et al. (2015) Central venous catheters: incidence and predictive factors of venous thrombosis. Clin Nephrol 84:21-8
Lazich, Ivana; Chang, Anthony; Watson, Sydeaka et al. (2015) Morphometric and histological parameters in veins of diabetic patients undergoing brachiocephalic fistula placement. Hemodial Int 19:490-8

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