Approximately 1 in 3 persons with diabetes are nonadherent to their medications. Nonadherence is more common among low income, racial/ethnic minorities with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and is a strong, independent predictor of poor glycemic control, hospitalizations, mortality, and higher healthcare costs. Theory-based adherence promotion interventions are more effective than atheoretical, ad hoc approaches, and are needed for patients at highest risk of nonadherence. A well-validated theoretical model, the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model, has informed effective medication adherence promotion interventions for patients with HIV and hypertension, and should inform adherence interventions in diabetes. Moreover, widely available technologies, such as mobile phones, offer a means to deliver adherence interventions to a broad range of patients, including low income, racial/ethnic minorities at high risk of nonadherence. The goal of this research is to use the IMB model to inform the content and functionality of a mobile phone- delivered medication adherence promotion intervention, ensure intervention content is clearly communicated (i.e., uses simplified text and plain language), and evaluate intervention effects on adherence and glycemic control among a low income adults with T2DM receiving primary care at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs).
The Specific Aims and Research Strategy include: (1) improving the content and functionality of an existing mobile phone-delivered medication adherence promotion to be consistent with the IMB model and clear health communication strategies, and testing for usability and acceptability with 36 patients before evaluating the intervention's effect on outcomes; (2) performing a randomized controlled trial with 500 patients at two FQHCs to test the effect of the intervention on subjective and objective measures of medication adherence, other self-care behaviors and glycemic control at 3, 6, 12, and 15 months, and test whether the IMB mechanisms mediate intervention effects on adherence, test whether adherence mediates intervention effects on glycemic control, and test whether health literacy, numeracy, depression, and/or insulin status moderate intervention effects; and (3) develop recommendations for implementing and evaluating mobile phone-delivered interventions for low-income patients by conducting focus groups with intervention patients and clinic staff to identify the contextual influences on acceptance and effectiveness of the intervention. This interdisciplinary research will greatly enhance our understanding of how to address social-cognitive barriers to adherence among high-risk patients with diabetes, how to leverage mobile devices to support high- risk patient populations in general; and how to better design interventions to improve services for low income, racially/ethnically diverse patients, as well as other high-risk groups. Knowledge gained form this work may also inform interventions to reduce disparities in adherence, glycemic control, and other diabetes outcomes.

Public Health Relevance

According to the World Health Organization, the magnitude of the problem of nonadherence to chronic medications and the scope of its sequelae across conditions are so alarming that there would be more worldwide health benefit to improving adherence to existing medications than developing new medications. Despite the fact that 1 in 3 persons with diabetes are suboptimally adherent to their medications, and this nonadherence is independently associated with worse glycemic control, hospitalizations, premature death, and higher healthcare costs, there has been few medication adherence promotion interventions designed specifically for patients with T2DM. Therefore, we will design, evaluate, and provide recommendations on leveraging basic mobile phone functionality to deliver a tailored, theory-based adherence promotion intervention to low income, diverse patients receiving primary care at Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK100694-06
Application #
9465451
Study Section
Behavioral Medicine, Interventions and Outcomes Study Section (BMIO)
Program Officer
Burch, Henry B
Project Start
2014-07-21
Project End
2019-04-30
Budget Start
2018-05-01
Budget End
2019-04-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
079917897
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37232
Nelson, Lyndsay A; Wallston, Kenneth A; Kripalani, Sunil et al. (2018) Assessing barriers to diabetes medication adherence using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 142:374-384
Nelson, Lyndsay A; Wallston, Kenneth A; Kripalani, Sunil et al. (2018) Mobile Phone Support for Diabetes Self-Care Among Diverse Adults: Protocol for a Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 7:e92
Mayberry, Lindsay S; Mulvaney, Shelagh A; Johnson, Kevin B et al. (2017) The MEssaging for Diabetes Intervention Reduced Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Low-Income, Diverse Adults With Type 2. J Diabetes Sci Technol 11:92-99
Nelson, Lyndsay A; Mulvaney, Shelagh A; Johnson, Kevin B et al. (2017) mHealth Intervention Elements and User Characteristics Determine Utility: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther 19:9-17
Osborn, Chandra Y; Kripalani, Sunil; Goggins, Kathryn M et al. (2017) Financial strain is associated with medication nonadherence and worse self-rated health among cardiovascular patients. J Health Care Poor Underserved 28:499-513
Bergner, Erin M; Nelson, Lyndsay A; Rothman, Russell L et al. (2017) Text Messaging May Engage and Benefit Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Regardless of Health Literacy Status. Health Lit Res Pract 1:e192-e202
Mayberry, Lindsay Satterwhite; Berg, Cynthia A; Harper, Kryseana J et al. (2016) The Design, Usability, and Feasibility of a Family-Focused Diabetes Self-Care Support mHealth Intervention for Diverse, Low-Income Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016:7586385
Nelson, Lyndsay A; Mulvaney, Shelagh A; Gebretsadik, Tebeb et al. (2016) The MEssaging for Diabetes (MED) intervention improves short-term medication adherence among low-income adults with type 2 diabetes. J Behav Med 39:995-1000
Mayberry, Lindsay Satterwhite; Harper, Kryseana J; Osborn, Chandra Y (2016) Family behaviors and type 2 diabetes: What to target and how to address in interventions for adults with low socioeconomic status. Chronic Illn 12:199-215
Osborn, Chandra Y; Gonzalez, Jeffery S (2016) Measuring insulin adherence among adults with type 2 diabetes. J Behav Med 39:633-41

Showing the most recent 10 out of 19 publications