Obesity is increasing prevalent, and over 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being overweight or obese. Consequently, identifying factors to prevent weight gain and obesity is extremely important to public health. The overall goal of this research program is to understand central regulation of eating behavior in ways that can be applied to reduce obesity. The objective of this particular application is to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to understand the effects of high reward foods, including the ingestion of different types of sugar, on appetite and its central regulation in humans. We previously found differential neuroendocrine and appetite responses to ingestion of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose, in normal- weight adults. The ingestion of fructose reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF), a marker of neuronal activity, in the hypothalamus (appetite region) less than ingestion of glucose. Fructose also stimulated levels of two potential satiety hormones, insulin and GLP-1, less than glucose and failed to induce the satiety that was observed after glucose ingestion. These preliminary studies provide mechanistic insights into epidemiological evidence linking fructose consumption to overeating and obesity and provide strong rationale for the work proposed here. The current proposal will use a combination of arterial spin labeling and fMRI-blood-oxygen- level dependent (BOLD) techniques to test the following hypotheses: (1) fructose compared to glucose ingestion will result in greater food-cue reactivity in central appetite and reward pathways and increased feeding behavior; (2) sucrose (50% glucose and 50% fructose) will produce brain reward and hormone responses that are similar to pure fructose and greater than pure glucose; (3) ingestion of the non-caloric sweetener, sucralose, will result in increased activity in central appetite and reward regions and will result in a heightened appetitive response to food cues. The proposed research is significant because it will determine the effects of caloric and non-caloric sweeteners on the neurobiological pathways underlying appetite and obesity. Findings from these studies will provide mechanistic insights and practical information that can be used to help develop more effective dietary strategies for weight loss and obesity prevention.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed studies have important public health implications for causes and potential mitigations of obesity in the modern food environment where ubiquitous exposure to sweetened beverages and food cues may act on central nervous system pathways to increase appetite and overeating behavior.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DK102794-01A1
Application #
9030891
Study Section
Clinical and Integrative Diabetes and Obesity Study Section (CIDO)
Program Officer
Stoeckel, Luke
Project Start
2015-12-15
Project End
2020-11-30
Budget Start
2015-12-15
Budget End
2016-11-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$517,815
Indirect Cost
$203,988
Name
University of Southern California
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
072933393
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90089
Luo, Shan; O'Connor, Sydney G; Belcher, Britni R et al. (2018) Effects of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Brain Response to High-Calorie Food Cues in Young Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 26:540-546
Reichelt, A C; Stoeckel, L E; Reagan, L P et al. (2018) Dietary influences on cognition. Physiol Behav 192:118-126
Dorton, Hilary M; Luo, Shan; Monterosso, John R et al. (2017) Influences of Dietary Added Sugar Consumption on Striatal Food-Cue Reactivity and Postprandial GLP-1 Response. Front Psychiatry 8:297
Luo, Shan; Melrose, A James; Dorton, Hilary et al. (2017) Resting state hypothalamic response to glucose predicts glucose-induced attenuation in the ventral striatal response to food cues. Appetite 116:464-470