The crude prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in the US is a staggering 40%. It is now widely recognized that deficiencies of cell mass and/or function are central in the transition from impaired glucose tolerance to frank diabetes in virtualy all forms of diabetes. In the setting of obesity and insulin resistance, the genesis of insulin secretory defects is multifactorial, and includes not only inflammatory pathways intrinsic to the cell, but also a network in which proinflammatory signals from the adipocyte and macrophage feed forward to impair cell function. This convergence on cell health suggests that common pathways of inflammation can be manipulated to protect cells in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). This grant application is a partnership between the laboratories of Drs. R. Mirmira and J. Nadler - with close collaborations with Dr. T. Holman and the NIH Chemical Genomics Center (NCGC) - and will focus on the early stage pharmacologic validation of novel human 12/15-lipoxygenase (12-LO) inhibitors for the prevention or reversal of metabolic disease. 12-LO catalyzes the oxygenation of cellular poly-unsaturated fatty acids to form lipid by-products such as 12-HPETE and 12-HETE, which impose inflammatory and oxidative stress within cells, causing their dysfunction and death. The strength of this application is the collaborative effort between MPIs and collaborators, who collectively will bring their expertise and unique reagents - including knockout mouse models, selective lead inhibitor compounds ML127 and ML355, and primary human cells - to bear on the preclinical validation of small molecule inhibitors of 12-LO in diabetes. We will test the hypothesis that inhibition of 12-LO with lead small molecule inhibitors will result in the prevention or mitigation of hyperglycemia in the setting of insulin resistance, T2D, and T1D. We propose the following 3 aims:
Aim 1 : Determine the efficacies and mechanism of lead 12-LO inhibitors in prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and T2D.
Aim 2 : Assess the efficacies of lead 12-LO inhibitors in prevention and treatment of cell dysfunction and death in T1D.
Aim 3 : Interrogate next generation 12-LO inhibitors potencies and molecular mechanisms in human islets. The strength of our approach lies in the unique reagents in our possession, notably, novel specific 12-LO inhibitors and conditional knockout mice. The primary impact of this proposal will be the identification and early-stage preclinical validation of 12-LO inhibitors for use in the prevention or treatment of T2D and T1D

Public Health Relevance

The overarching goal of this research proposal is the early stage pharmacologic validation of novel human 12/15-lipoxygenase (12-LO) inhibitors for the prevention or reversal of metabolic diseases. 12-LO is an enzyme that may be responsible for progression of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and type 1 diabetes. The primary impact of this proposal will be the early-stage preclinical validation of 12-LO inhibitors for use in the prevention or treatment of these prevalent metabolic diseases.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK105588-02
Application #
9037661
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Pawlyk, Aaron C
Project Start
2015-04-01
Project End
2019-03-31
Budget Start
2016-04-01
Budget End
2017-03-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603007902
City
Indianapolis
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
46202
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Sims, Emily K; Evans-Molina, Carmella; Tersey, Sarah A et al. (2018) Biomarkers of islet beta cell stress and death in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 61:2259-2265
Dobrian, A D; Morris, M A; Taylor-Fishwick, D A et al. (2018) Role of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in diabetes pathogenesis and complications. Pharmacol Ther :
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Mirmira, Raghavendra G; Sims, Emily K; Syed, Farooq et al. (2016) Biomarkers of ?-Cell Stress and Death in Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 16:95
Mirmira, Raghavendra G (2015) Editorial: Lessons From the Classic Scientific Literature. Mol Endocrinol 29:1385-7

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