Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cases of DM are expected to rise by 72% through 2025, affecting 325 million people across all nations and income groups. It is increasingly recognized that there is phenotypic heterogeneity among individuals who develop DM. One subgroup that has attracted particular attention in recent years is the lean diabetes group, e.g. individuals with DM in the absence of obesity. Lean individuals with DM are at substantially higher risk of mortality and other complications than obese individuals with DM. However, little is known about the factors that promote DM in the absence of obesity, or the mechanisms underlying the worse outcomes in this subset. Asians are particularly susceptible to developing lean DM. Approximately half of Asians who develop DM are considered normal weight (BMI less than 25 kg/m2). This propensity is independent of country of residence, e.g. it affects Asians living in th U.S. as well as in Asian countries. Indeed, studies in the U.S. indicate very high rates of DM among Asian-Americans. The pathogenesis of DM reflects a complex interplay of genetic, dietary, and environmental exposures affecting multiple pathways. One approach to understanding the activity in many metabolic pathways at once is metabolomics profiling. Metabolomics refers to the systematic analysis of metabolites in a biological specimen, such as plasma. Combining biomarker and phenotypic data in human populations provides a rich opportunity to identify the biochemical signatures of metabolic diseases, which can enhance biological understanding as well as yield tools for disease screening. Metabolomics data from non-European cohorts, and particularly Asian cohorts, are sparse. The differences in the epidemiology of DM across racial/ethnic groups suggest the possibility of pathophysiological differences. Recently, in a preliminary study in the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), we found evidence that Chinese women had some risk markers for DM that were distinct from those described in European populations. Thus, we propose to expand considerably on our work in European populations and our pilot studies in the SWHS, by performing comprehensive metabolomics profiling in 2 Chinese cohorts to identify metabolites that are associated with incident DM.
Our aims are (1) to identify metabolites that associate with incident DM in Chinese individuals enrolled in the SWHS and Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS); and (2) to replicate the association of metabolites with incident DM in a separate case-cohort study. We will also assess whether addition of metabolites improves the ability to predict risk of DM in Asians, compared with risk factors alone, and whether the metabolite predictors are associated with mortality and cardiovascular events. Our team is uniquely positioned to conduct these studies, given our expertise in applying metabolomics in large cohorts, our access to other metabolomics datasets for comparison and validation, and our experience with chronic disease epidemiology in China.

Public Health Relevance

The majority of diabetes cases worldwide in the next decade are expected to occur among Asian individuals, and Asians in this country have high rates of developing diabetes as well. Studying why Asians, particularly lean Asians, are particularly susceptible to diabetes should enhance our biological understanding of the disease, and facilitate the development of strategies for prevention and treatment.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DK108159-01A1
Application #
9113838
Study Section
Kidney, Nutrition, Obesity and Diabetes (KNOD)
Program Officer
Castle, Arthur
Project Start
2016-04-01
Project End
2016-04-29
Budget Start
2016-04-01
Budget End
2016-04-29
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$1
Indirect Cost
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004413456
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37240
Wasserman, David H; Wang, Thomas J; Brown, Nancy J (2018) The Vasculature in Prediabetes. Circ Res 122:1135-1150
Bachmann, Katherine N; Wang, Thomas J (2018) Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: contributions to risk prediction in individuals with diabetes. Diabetologia 61:987-995
O'Sullivan, John F; Morningstar, Jordan E; Yang, Qiong et al. (2017) Dimethylguanidino valeric acid is a marker of liver fat and predicts diabetes. J Clin Invest 127:4394-4402
Rhee, Eugene P; Yang, Qiong; Yu, Bing et al. (2016) An exome array study of the plasma metabolome. Nat Commun 7:12360
Yu, Danxia; Moore, Steven C; Matthews, Charles E et al. (2016) Plasma metabolomic profiles in association with type 2 diabetes risk and prevalence in Chinese adults. Metabolomics 12: