While type 2 diabetes is considered a lifestyle-mediated chronic disease, the contribution of environmental factors to diabetes risk is increasingly recognized. Recently, geographic variation in the diabetes prevalence has been reported by CDC scientists with the identification of a ?Diabetes Belt? located in the southeastern US, where residents have a higher type 2 diabetes rate comparing to those live in other regions of the US. The similarity of this geographic variation across age, race, and sex, and the extreme magnitude of the differences between high- and low-prevalence areas suggest that the geographic pattern of diabetes rate cannot be explained by healthcare practices and/or socioeconomic status. Instead, environmental factors may be important determinants of the geographic variation in diabetes risk. Studies indicate that imbalanced homeostasis of certain minerals may damage anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant defense as well as glucose tolerance, which together play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition, studies have linked some heavy metal exposure to the risk of diabetes, though the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. Despite this, a critical gap remains in the literature on how minerals affect diabetes development. In the proposed project, we will examine mineral status in relation to the incidence of diabetes and insulin resistance in an ancillary study of the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study ? an ongoing US national population-based cohort of 30,239 African American and Caucasian adults, aged 45 and older at baseline.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed study aims to determine whether geographic variation in minerals and/or mineral status in human body is a reason for the ?Diabetes Belt?, recently identified by the CDC scientists based on the national statistics, where residents have a higher type 2 diabetes rate comparing to those live in other regions of the US. This project will help to identify Americans at risk for diabetes and other metabolic disorders, thus providing important data identifying whether diabetes risk can be reduced by dietary, supplemental, lifestyle or environmental interventions that modify trace mineral patterns.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DK116603-01A1
Application #
9616698
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Lee, Christine G
Project Start
2018-07-01
Project End
2020-06-30
Budget Start
2018-07-01
Budget End
2019-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Indiana University Bloomington
Department
Biostatistics & Other Math Sci
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
006046700
City
Bloomington
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
47401