The prevalence and severity of childhood obesity have increased dramatically and are coupled with alarming 30% rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth over the last decade. Mounting evidence suggests that exposures to maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero contribute to these increases in childhood obesity and T2D. Studies from our group and others have shown that children who were exposed in utero to maternal obesity or GDM have greater adiposity and a higher risk for developing T2D compared to unexposed children. Studies in siblings discordant for maternal exposures suggest that the risk is in excess of that attributable to genetics and shared environment. The biological underpinnings of such maternal-fetal programming are poorly understood. Provocative studies in animal models reveal that intrauterine exposure to maternal obesity and/or diabetes results in alterations in the development of the hypothalamus, a brain area that is critical for the regulation of appetite and glucose homeostasis, leading to obesity and T2D later in life. To date, no studies have investigated the effects of exposure to maternal obesity or GDM on brain appetite pathways in humans. The overarching goal of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that in utero exposure to maternal obesity and/or GDM alters the structure and function of brain appetite pathways in ways that adversely impact energy balance and increases future risk for obesity and T2D in humans. Overall, these studies are highly innovative and have the potential to translate mechanistic findings in humans into early intervention strategies aimed at preventing the vicious cycle of maternal obesity/GDM and childhood obesity and T2D. !

Public Health Relevance

Given that a growing number of pregnancies are complicated by maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus, the well-being of our next generations may depend to an important degree on understanding the biological mechanisms linking intrauterine exposure to maternal metabolic disorders and childhood obesity and diabetes in order to develop early interventions to mitigate the vicious cycle of maternal-fetal transmission of metabolic disorders. !

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK116858-03
Application #
10083729
Study Section
Clinical and Integrative Diabetes and Obesity Study Section (CIDO)
Program Officer
Linder, Barbara
Project Start
2019-02-13
Project End
2023-12-31
Budget Start
2021-01-01
Budget End
2021-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2021
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Southern California
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
072933393
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90089