A strategic approach to improve the treatment of many diseases is to package a drug into carrier particles and then target that drug carrier for bloodstream delivery directly to the diseased tissue. Benefits of this approach include the possibility of an increase in the dose of the drug reaching diseased tissue (enhanced therapeutic efficacy) and a concomitant decrease in the dose of drug reaching normal tissue (reduced toxicity). Success of this approach relies in part on the development of technologies and clinical methods for injecting functionalized, targeted drug carriers into the blood stream close to the disease tissue. Success is directly dependent on the design and manufacture of carrier particles that have specific features such as particle size and surface coverage with binding molecules specific to the diseases being treated that lead to the desired, and necessary, initial event: binding of the carrier particle to endothelial cells in blood vessels within the diseased tissue. The complex interplay between targeted nanocarrier motion in flow, biomolecular receptor- ligand interactions governing specific binding, and thermal/transport dynamics of receptors on the cell membrane, is inherently a multiscale problem. The physical environment for binding ultimately defines the efficacy of nanocarrier arrest on the target cell. The nanocarrier binding and arrest are influenced by hydrodynamic forces resulting from blood flow, expression-levels of specific target determinants on the cell surface, their lateral diffusion on the membrane, the presence or absence of a glycocalyx, and membrane mobility. We hypothesize that experimental and design parameters such as receptor density on nanocarriers, carrier size, and binding response to flow characteristics such as shear stress levels can be optimized for enhancing the targeting the nanocarriers to specific (stressed) cells. To test this hypothesis, we propose four specific aims: 1) develop a spatially resolved stochastic multiscale model for predicting the energetic and kinetics of targeted spherical nanocarriers binding to endothelial cells; 2) experimentally quantify the kinetics of binding for ligand functionalized nanocarriers of varying size to fixed cells under static and shear conditions; 3) experimentally quantify the kinetics of binding for ligand functionalized nanocarriers of varying size to live cells under static and shear conditions and 4) extend the model in Aim 1 to a) include additional effects on binding due to membrane mobility, lateral diffusion of receptors and the mechano/hydrodynamic barrier posed by the glycocalyx in live cells; b) include effects of RBC-nanocarrier interactions and non-Newtonian rheology. We will develop a synergistic modeling and experimental platform for accessing and bridging the multiple length and time scales relevant for vascular delivery of targeted nanocarriers. Our objectives of quantitatively characterizing and predicting the transient nanoscale binding mechanics and dynamics for spherical nanocarrier binding to fixed and live endothelial cells under shear flow as a function of the various experimentally tunable parameters will lead to improvements in therapeutics for many diseases. A strategic approach to improve the treatment of many diseases is to package a drug into carrier particles and then target that drug carrier for bloodstream delivery directly to the diseased tissue. We will develop a synergistic experimental and computational platform addressing bloodstream delivery of targeted nanocarriers. This work to characterize quantitatively and predict computationally the binding mechanics and dynamics for nanocarrier binding to endothelial cells will lead to improvements in therapeutics for many diseases. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01EB006818-01A2
Application #
7525130
Study Section
Modeling and Analysis of Biological Systems Study Section (MABS)
Program Officer
Henderson, Lori
Project Start
2008-07-01
Project End
2012-03-31
Budget Start
2008-07-01
Budget End
2009-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2008
Total Cost
$354,375
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Anesthesiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Yu, Hsiu-Yu; Jabeen, Zahera; Eckmann, David M et al. (2017) Microstructure of Flow-Driven Suspension of Hardspheres in Cylindrical Confinement: A Dynamical Density Functional Theory and Monte Carlo Study. Langmuir 33:11332-11344
Ranganathan, Abhay; Campo, Jessica; Myerson, Jacob et al. (2017) Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging Calibration for Quantifying Nanocarrier Binding to Cells During Shear Flow Exposure. J Biomed Nanotechnol 13:737-745
Radhakrishnan, Ravi; Yu, Hsiu-Yu; Eckmann, David M et al. (2017) Computational Models for Nanoscale Fluid Dynamics and Transport Inspired by Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics. J Heat Transfer 139:0330011-330019
Ramakrishnan, N; Wang, Y; Eckmann, D M et al. (2017) Motion of a nano-spheroid in a cylindrical vessel flow: Brownian and hydrodynamic interactions. J Fluid Mech 821:117-152
Yu, Hsiu-Yu; Eckmann, David M; Ayyaswamy, Portonovo S et al. (2016) Effect of wall-mediated hydrodynamic fluctuations on the kinetics of a Brownian nanoparticle. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 472:20160397
Ramakrishnan, N; Tourdot, Richard W; Eckmann, David M et al. (2016) Biophysically inspired model for functionalized nanocarrier adhesion to cell surface: roles of protein expression and mechanical factors. R Soc Open Sci 3:160260
Zhang, Yanhang; Barocas, Victor H; Berceli, Scott A et al. (2016) Multi-scale Modeling of the Cardiovascular System: Disease Development, Progression, and Clinical Intervention. Ann Biomed Eng 44:2642-60
Myerson, Jacob W; Anselmo, Aaron C; Liu, Yaling et al. (2016) Non-affinity factors modulating vascular targeting of nano- and microcarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 99:97-112
Clancy, Colleen E; An, Gary; Cannon, William R et al. (2016) Multiscale Modeling in the Clinic: Drug Design and Development. Ann Biomed Eng 44:2591-610
Vitoshkin, Helena; Yu, Hsiu-Yu; Eckmann, David M et al. (2016) Nanoparticle stochastic motion in the inertial regime and hydrodynamic interactions close to a cylindrical wall. Phys Rev Fluids 1:

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