Measurement of alterations of pulmonary mechanics in guinea pigs is used as a toxicological tool to evaluate response to irritants. Experiments proposed are designed to address gaps in the animal toxicology data of air quality criteria for sulfur oxides and particulates, for ozone, and for oxides of nitrogen. Ozone pre-exposure causes an increased sensitivity to bronchoconstrictive agents such as histamine and serotonin. Studies will be extended to examine the effect of ozone pre-exposure on the degree of response to sulfuric acid, irritant sulfates, formaldehyde, and an organophosphorus insecticide. The effect of ozone pre-exposure and nitrogen dioxide pre-exposure on the response of sensitized animals challenged with antigen aerosols will be examined. Information is needed in this area, but to do such studies on human subjects would raise valid ethical questions. The irritant potency of sodium sulfite aerosols will be assessed. Sulfites are known to occur in the atmosphere, but little is known of their inhalation toxicology. We will also examine the interaction of flame-generated carbonaceous particles (soot). Chemical interactions have been observed experimentally and in the atmosphere, but little is known of their biological action.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01ES001939-09
Application #
3249637
Study Section
Toxicology Study Section (TOX)
Project Start
1978-12-01
Project End
1986-11-30
Budget Start
1985-12-01
Budget End
1986-11-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
1986
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
City
Cambridge
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02139
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Chen, L C; Miller, P D; Amdur, M O (1989) Effects of sulfur oxides on eicosanoids. J Toxicol Environ Health 28:99-109
Peoples, S M; McCarthy, J F; Chen, L C et al. (1988) Copper oxide aerosol: generation and characterization. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 49:271-6
Miller, P D; Ainsworth, D; Lam, H F et al. (1988) Indomethacin and cromolyn sodium alter ozone-induced changes in lung function and plasma eicosanoid concentrations in guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 93:175-86
Chen, L C; Lam, H F; Ainsworth, D et al. (1987) Functional changes in the lungs of guinea pigs exposed to sodium sulfite aerosols. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 89:1-8
Miller, P D; Ainsworth, D; Lam, H F et al. (1987) Effect of ozone exposure on lung functions and plasma prostaglandin and thromboxane concentrations in guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 88:132-40
Miller, P D; Gordon, T; Warnick, M et al. (1986) Effect of ozone and histamine on airway permeability to horseradish peroxidase in guinea pigs. J Toxicol Environ Health 18:121-32