Cr(VI) salts, particularly the insoluble compounds, are well-established human carcinogens, affecting the bronchial cells of the lung. No investigations have studied particulate Cr(VI) and only one has studied soluble Cr(VI) in human bronchial cells. Thus the goal of this research is to understand the mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis in human bronchial cells. The general hypothesis guiding this proposal is that particulate Cr(VI) is a more potent carcinogen than soluble Cr(VI) because it can escape cell cycle arrest at genotoxic doses. The specific goal of this project is to establish a human bronchial cell model to investigate these mechanisms. Three hypotheses will be tested: 1) Cr(VI) is genotoxic in human bronchial cells. 2) Particulate Cr(VI) compounds are more potent carcinogens than soluble Cr(VI) compounds because they provide chronic extracellular Cr(VI) exposure and escape cell cycle delay. 3) Particulate Cr(VI) salts escape cell cycle delay because of their divalent counter ion. These hypotheses will be tested with the following: 1) Cr(VI)-induced genotoxicity will be measured by the amount of damage produced in the Comet assay, and in metaphase chromosome spreads. Results will provide the first data on the carcinogenic and genotoxic effects of intact Cr(VI) particles to its target cells. 2) Particle uptake will be measured with transmission electron microscopy and ion uptake will be measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 3). Cell cycle effects will be measured with a mitotic index, fluorescent automated cell sorting and cDNA expression arrays. Results will the first reports of Cr(VI) toxicity in its target cells, the first detailed information of the interaction of Cr(VI) with the cell cycle, and will provide important toxicological data on the differences between particulate and soluble hexavalent chromium. This research is significant because it will provide: 1) an understanding of how Cr(VI) causes genetic in its target cells; 2) essential information to better assess the relative risk of exposure to particulate or soluble Cr(VI); 3) models of human bronchial cells for further study of Cr(VI), other metals, and lung cancer in general.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01ES010838-04
Application #
6761738
Study Section
Alcohol and Toxicology Subcommittee 4 (ALTX)
Program Officer
Tinkle, Sally S
Project Start
2001-09-01
Project End
2006-06-30
Budget Start
2004-07-01
Budget End
2005-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$282,133
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Southern Maine
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
077469567
City
Portland
State
ME
Country
United States
Zip Code
04104
Wise Sr, John Pierce; Wise, Sandra S; Holmes, Amie L et al. (2010) The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium in Steller sea lion lung fibroblasts compared to human lung fibroblasts. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 152:91-8
Xie, Hong; Holmes, Amie L; Young, Jamie L et al. (2009) Zinc chromate induces chromosome instability and DNA double strand breaks in human lung cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 234:293-9
Li Chen, Tânia; Wise, Sandra S; Holmes, Amie et al. (2009) Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium in human and North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) lung cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 150:487-94
Alley, Df; Langley-Turnbaugh, S; Gordon, Nr et al. (2009) The effect of PM10 on human lung fibroblasts. Toxicol Ind Health 25:111-20
Xie, Hong; Wise, Sandra S; Wise Sr, John P (2008) Deficient repair of particulate hexavalent chromium-induced DNA double strand breaks leads to neoplastic transformation. Mutat Res 649:230-8
Stackpole, Megan M; Wise, Sandra S; Goodale, Britton C et al. (2007) Homologous recombination repair protects against particulate chromate-induced chromosome instability in Chinese hamster cells. Mutat Res 625:145-54
Xie, Hong; Holmes, Amie L; Wise, Sandra S et al. (2007) Neoplastic transformation of human bronchial cells by lead chromate particles. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 37:544-52
Camyre, Eric; Wise, Sandra S; Milligan, Peter et al. (2007) Ku80 deficiency does not affect particulate chromate-induced chromosome damage and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Toxicol Sci 97:348-54
Savery, Laura C; Grlickova-Duzevik, Eliza; Wise, Sandra S et al. (2007) Role of the Fancg gene in protecting cells from particulate chromate-induced chromosome instability. Mutat Res 626:120-7
Grlickova-Duzevik, Eliza; Wise, Sandra S; Munroe, Ray C et al. (2006) XRCC1 protects against particulate chromate-induced chromosome damage and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Toxicol Sci 92:96-102

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