: The long-term goal of the proposed research is to study the mechanisms responsible for the slow progression of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases. The understanding of these mechanisms may help to find ways to make these processes even slower, thus moving the onset of these debilitating diseases outside the normal human lifespan. Specifically, we propose to test the hypothesis that accumulation of somatic mutations in mtDNA of critical cell types in the brain is one of the conditions necessary for the progression of at least some neurodegenerative processes. One of the possibilities is that once the fraction of mutated mtDNA in specific cells exceeds a certain threshold, these cells become sensitive to biochemical insults associated with some diseases. This hypothesis has arisen from the preliminary finding that individual pigmented neurons in substantia nigra accumulate very high levels of mtDNA deletions, which are highly likely to compromise cell's resistance to various stresses. Moreover, there are indications that cells with a heavy mutational load are the first to die in Parkinson's brain. It is also possible that progression of the disease accelerates accumulation of mutations thus creating a positive feedback. The efforts will be focused first on Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients and pigmented neurons of substantia nigra. Then research will be extended to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and the various corresponding brain areas and critical cell types.
The Specific Aims of the proposal are: 1) To develop and optimize the arsenal of methods necessary for the precise quantification and characterization of mtDNA mutations in single cells of the brain. These methods will include laser capture micro-dissection for single cell isolation, amplification of full-length mitochondrial genomes from single cells, single cell competitive PCR, and single cell limiting dilution PCR. 2) To identify brain areas and cell types in which mtDNA mutations are most likely to contribute to neurodegeneration. This will be done by measuring mutation load in individual cells of substantia nigra, cortex and putamen that are known to be rich in mtDNA deletions and are critical for PD, AD, and HD, respectively. 3) To test the hypothesis that clonal expansions of mtDNA mutations in individual cells contribute to mitochondrial defects and to neurodegeneration and death of neurons. This will be done by comparing the mutational load of cells that stained positive for various markers of mitochondrial dysfunction, cell degeneration and death to non-staining control cells. We will also study the distribution the mutations as a function of age and the presence and severity of the disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01ES011343-04
Application #
6767854
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZNS1-SRB-S (01))
Program Officer
Lawler, Cindy P
Project Start
2001-07-01
Project End
2006-05-31
Budget Start
2004-06-01
Budget End
2005-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$266,752
Indirect Cost
Name
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
071723621
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02215
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Morozova, Nadya; Khrapko, Konstantin; Panee, Jun et al. (2007) Glutathione depletion in hippocampal cells increases levels of H and L ferritin and glutathione S-transferase mRNAs. Genes Cells 12:561-7
Kraytsberg, Yevgenya; Kudryavtseva, Elena; McKee, Ann C et al. (2006) Mitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and cause functional impairment in aged human substantia nigra neurons. Nat Genet 38:518-20
Khrapko, Konstantin; Kraytsberg, Yevgenya; de Grey, Aubrey D N J et al. (2006) Does premature aging of the mtDNA mutator mouse prove that mtDNA mutations are involved in natural aging? Aging Cell 5:279-82
Kraytsberg, Yevgenya; Khrapko, Konstantin (2005) Single-molecule PCR: an artifact-free PCR approach for the analysis of somatic mutations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 5:809-15
Khrapko, Konstantin (2005) Mitochondrial DNA gene therapy: a gene therapy for aging? Rejuvenation Res 8:6-8
Coller, Hilary A; Khrapko, Konstantin; Herrero-Jimenez, Pablo et al. (2005) Clustering of mutant mitochondrial DNA copies suggests stem cells are common in human bronchial epithelium. Mutat Res 578:256-71
Zsurka, Gabor; Kraytsberg, Yevgenia; Kudina, Tatiana et al. (2005) Recombination of mitochondrial DNA in skeletal muscle of individuals with multiple mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy. Nat Genet 37:873-7
Khrapko, Konstantin; Ebralidse, Konstantin; Kraytsberg, Yevgenya (2004) Where and when do somatic mtDNA mutations occur? Ann N Y Acad Sci 1019:240-4
Kraytsberg, Yevgenya; Schwartz, Marianne; Brown, Timothy A et al. (2004) Recombination of human mitochondrial DNA. Science 304:981

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